Sorghum top rot

Symptoms can be infected from the seedling stage to the adult stage. At the seedling stage, the upper leaves of adult plants showed chlorosis, malformation, wrinkling, or distortion. Many lateral knife-like nicks appeared at the edges, and some of the leaf tissues along the main vein or both sides showed a knife-like shape. The diseased leaves have brown spots on them, and the severe tip or leaves of the top 4-5 leaves are rotted. The late leaves were short or the remaining part of the base tissue was tearing. The top leaves of some varieties are twisted or wrapped around each other, showing a long whip. Leaf sheaths and culms cause leaf sheaths to dry out, and stems become soft or quenched. Inflorescence affected ear head was short, light part of the small flowers aborted, and heavy whole ears were not strong. The main ear is infected with the disease early, resulting in the development of collaterals, the formation of multiple spikes, and poor development of the panicle spikes. When the humidity is high, the diseased area produces a pink mold.

Pathogen Fusarium moniliforme var. Subglutinans Wr. & Reink. The mucoid bacterium called Fusarium oxysporum belongs to the semi-known fungus subphylum fungi. On the PSA medium, the colonies were cultured for 6 days and the colonies were white, light purple in the center, and aerial hyphae were 2-3 mm long and flocculent. Small conidiospores are long ovate to pseudo-spindle-shaped, not clustered, and are mostly clustered into loose, false-headed myxospores. Large conidiophores are sickle-shaped, thinly straight, apical cells acuminate, foot cells are distinct, with 2–5 compartments, 3 compartments separated, 2 compartments size 20–32.52.0 to 2.8 (um), 3 separated by 5.5-48.82.5-3.0 (um). The sporulated cells were spore-forming spores, single-stemmed or duplicate-stemmedets. After 10-12 days of culture, large conidia are produced. On the mycelium formed chlamydospore, terminal or lateral, solitary or string, oval or nearly spherical, light brown, size 5.2 a l04.8-6.4 (um). In addition to damaging sorghum, it also infects corn, millet, rice, wheat, oats, alfalfa and other grasses.

Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions Germs, mycelia, wintering on diseased plants, seeds, diseased bodies and soil. Jujube and adult plants can be infected. Onset temperature 22-28 °C. Rainfall during the onset of the disease, the relative humidity is easy to aggravate the condition. Prevention methods (1) Three or four years or more rotation (2) Promote the use of microbial fertilizers such as compost made from enzymes. Such as 5406 bacteria, can reduce the incidence. (3) In severe areas, spray 50% Benomyl wettable powder 1500 times or 60% anti-mildew Po ultra-fine WP 600 to 700 times, 60% tomylovir wettable powder at the early stage of disease. liquid.

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