The warm temperature of the eggplant is higher than that of the eggplant, and the suitable temperature is 25~30°C. The response to the length of the photoperiod is not sensitive. As long as the temperature is appropriate, it can bloom and firm from spring to autumn. The main cultivation is open field cultivation. In the early spring in the north, seedlings are planted using hot beds or impotence. Due to the long period of eggplant's result, in addition to having sufficient basal fertilizer, it is also required to top-dress multiple times (nitrogen-based fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer). The main insect pests are ground tigers, M. blight and verticillium wilt.
Variety selection:
Select low-temperature, low-light, early-maturing varieties. Such as: Heiyu, Shenqie No. 1, Qizaiqie No. 2, Green Circle Eggplant, Black Circle Eggplant No. 2, Yongfeng Black Peppercorns and so on.
Immersion germination:
The seeds were first placed in warm water at 55°C, and the amount of water used was 5-6 times the amount of seeds, stirring was continued, and the temperature of 55°C was maintained for 10-15 minutes and then soaked for 8-12 hours at its naturally falling water temperature. Eggplant seed coat is thick, it is difficult to absorb water. If the seed is not fully fermented, it is difficult to germinate. Use 0, 2-0, 5% lye to clean it first, and wash it repeatedly with clean water until the seed coat is clean and no stickiness. Can also be soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before soaking. During the soaking process, change the water every 5-8 hours. When the seeds are fully absorbed, rinse with clean water, remove them, and wrap them with a damp cloth or sack cloth. Drain the water and put it in the container. Place it in a warm place. Germination. The optimum temperature for eggplant germination is 25-35°C. Because seed germination varies in temperature and oxygen in the germination bag, seeds will germinate unevenly. Therefore, it is best to use temperature-warming germination. The optimum temperature in a day is 8 hours at 30°C. , 20 °C accounted for 16 hours, 5-6 days later, that is 75% of the seeds exposed white, bud uniform and neat. The seed bag is often turned during germination to facilitate gas exchange of the seed coat.
sowing:
The eggplant grows at a higher temperature. The greenhouse is best seeded with a seed box. This method can be easily moved to facilitate adjustment of temperature and light. First, lay a layer of nutrient soil with a thickness of 3 cm in the seeding box; pour the first water, and after the water seeps, spread a layer of fine soil, sow or sow the seeds, cover the fine soil 1 cm thick after sowing. Cover the plastic film again and remove the seed when it is unearthed.
The time of colonization should be selected from the warm-up period of the cold current. According to the rules of northern climate conditions, the selection of such a colonization period can ensure that the fine weather is maintained within 3-5 days after the seedlings are colonized, which will help to alleviate the seedlings. The day of colonization should be performed at a high temperature of 10-14 hours.
management:
The biggest difficulty in planting eggplant is insufficient ground temperature, so it is necessary to strengthen cold insulation during the cold season after planting. After 7-10 days of colonization, keep the room temperature at 30°C or more, so as to increase the ground temperature, supplement the night temperature, and regenerate seedlings as soon as possible. And try to keep the ground temperature stable at 16-18 °C. After the sapling period, the plants begin to grow normally. Attention should be paid to light exposure every day. If light is insufficient, flowers can easily fall. After the seedlings are opened, the eggplant flowers are opened to the result period. At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The room temperature should be reduced to 25-30°C during the day and 15-17°C during the night. This will not only result in eggplant flowering, but also Can be lush foliage. When the room temperature exceeds 25°C, proper amount of air is released to remove excessive humidity from the room, increase the carbon dioxide content, increase the light intensity, and reduce the number of falling flowers. Even if it is overcast, you must adhere to the right amount of air, but you must pay special attention to the amount of air release and the time of air release.
After the eggplant is planted and planted, the water is no longer watered until the eggplant grows to 3 cm, and then it is watered and fertilized. The first time the amount of fertilizer can be larger, Mushi ammonium sulfate 10-20 kg or 1000 kg of manure. When the eggplant begins to enlarge, it is given a second fertilizer, and after 10-15 days, the fertilizer and water are poured. The result is that there is no shortage of water and fertilizer in the middle and later stages.
Eggplant is a hi-light crop, but it is difficult to meet the needs of natural light cultivation in the solar greenhouse in winter and spring, resulting in plant length, short stigma flowers, and fruit deformities. Therefore, in addition to daily cleaning of greenhouse roofs, a reflective screen should be hung in order to reduce the gap between the light in the rear part of the greenhouse and increase the light intensity.
Apply 25-30ppm, 4-4 stalks, or spray flowers 2-3 days before flowering, and treat each flower only once. Do not repeat. Do not spill liquid on the leaves.
Timely pruning, improvement of ventilation and light transmission conditions, after the expansion of the gate and eggplant, the lateral and lower old leaves of the seedling below the eggplant shall be removed, and the axillary buds under the second fruit (for the eggplant) shall also be removed.
As a result, the amount of fertilizer and water should be appropriately increased during the peak period, and water should be poured once every 7-10 days. Chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are used alternately. At the same time, increase the amount of ventilation to meet the photosynthesis needs and promote fruit ripening.
Disease and Prevention:
Eggplant verticillium wilt disease, which will occur soon after colonization. In case of low-temperature colonization, the incidence is early and heavy, but the incidence area is the largest after the fruit set and the condition is the heaviest. In the early stage of disease, the leaf margins and veins near the petiole of the lower part of the plant leaf yellow, and then gradually develop into half leaf or whole leaf. The leaf margin curls slightly upward, and sometimes the lesion is limited to the half leaf, causing leaf distortion. The eggplant strain in early stage showed wilting, recoverable sooner or later or after rain, and the later leaves became brown, the whole plant was wilting, the leaves were defoliated, and the whole plant died. In severe cases, the whole leaf is often wilted and becomes brown and dead. The majority of the disease is the whole disease, and a few are still disease-free. At the time of onset: most of the plants gradually developed from the lower part of the plant. When the disease was severe, the leaves of the whole plant fell off. The diseased plant is short and short, the plant shape does not stretch, the fruit is small, and the long fruit is sometimes curved. The discoloration of the vascular bundles in the xylem was observed in the longitudinally cut rhizomes, which was yellow-brown or tan.
Incidence rule:
Verticillium wilt of eggplant is caused by fungal infection. The pathogens used dormant hyphae, chlamydial spores, and micro-sclerotia to overwinter in the soil with the diseased body, becoming the primary source of dissemination in the following year. The bacteria passed through the fertilizer, soil and solanaceous weeds mixed with the diseased body, and passed through the wind, rain, humans, livestock and farm tools to the disease-free fields. In the second year, the germs invade from the wounds of the roots or directly from the roots and root hairs of the radicles, then multiply in the vascular bundles and spread to the branches and leaves. The disease is not repeated in the year. The optimal temperature for onset was 19°C~24°C, and mycelium and sclerotia were lethal after 10 minutes at 6°C. In general, the temperature is low, the roots of wounds heal slowly when planting, which is conducive to the invasion of pathogens; the terrain is low, and the organic fertilizer is not ripened, and the incidence of disease is not serious and continuous.
Control methods:
(1) Rotate with non-solanum or melon crops for 3 to 4 years.
(2) Use disease-free seeds and disease-resistant varieties; apply sufficient organic fertilizer.
(3) Timely removal of the diseased plant is deeply buried or burned, and the perfusion liquid is disinfected and sterilized in the rhizosphere soil.
(4) Seed disinfection treatment. Seeds are pre-soaked with cold water for 3~4 hours, soaked in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes and dried for use.
(5) Chemical control methods: Apply when planting: When transplanting tomato seedlings, use 1 mycorrhiza to remove the roots of the seedlings by 1000 times. After colonization, use this solution to irrigate the roots. Each pot is 250 ml. 70% of dexamethasone WP 500 times, 500 ml per strain once every 10 to 15 days, with irrigation 2~3 times.
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