How is corn cultivated? Corn land preparation, sowing, field management techniques

Corn is our important food crop and feed crop, which has a high planting value. How should corn be grown? Below, Xiaobian will share the corn selection, planting and field management programs.

玉米如何栽培?玉米整地、播种、田间管理技术

1. Land selection and land preparation

1.1 Select a soil with flat terrain, high organic matter content, deep soil layer, neutral or acidic soil, in order to meet the needs of corn growth and development, and is conducive to high yield of crops.

1.2 After the corn is harvested, the technique of deep soil turning (deep pine) in autumn is used, the depth reaches 30cm or more, and the bottom fertilizer is applied. After the autumn, winter and spring, the soil moisture is greatly increased, and the fertilizer is also burned.

2. Choose high-yielding corn varieties

Choosing good varieties is the key to high yield. Therefore, according to the climate characteristics of Yimeng County, the selected high-yield and high-dense varieties should be selected, which increases the planting density and ensures the seedlings and seedlings are good. When selecting seeds, you should also choose varieties with strong disease resistance and strong resistance. Seeds are carefully selected before sowing to ensure that the seeds are even and full, and the seeds are sown for 2 to 3 days, and the seeds are coated or chemically mixed. When selecting a coating agent, a coating agent for the local distribution ratio should be selected.

玉米如何栽培?玉米整地、播种、田间管理技术

3. Seeding at the right time

The suitable sowing period of maize is that the local bare land is 5~10cm and the ground temperature is stable at 10~12°C, and the soil water content is ≥12%. Sowing at the appropriate sowing date can ensure that the corn is released quickly and well, and can cultivate strong seedlings. After emergence, there is enough growth period to mature when the early frost arrives, which can ensure the high yield of corn. If the corn is planted too early, the temperature and temperature during the sowing period are low, the emergence time is long and not neat, and the seeds are also prone to mildew. If the corn is planted too late, it will encounter the early frost when it is not mature, which will seriously affect its production.

4. Field management

4.1 Timely cultivating loose soil, eradicating weeds in the field

Timely cultivating loose soil can increase ground temperature and eliminate weeds in the field, which is conducive to the growth of corn. The cultivating loose soil can break down the soil compaction, regulate moisture, and prevent drought and moisture. Irrigation 2~3 times before irrigation, the first depth is 7~8cm, and then deepened successively. When cultivating, pay attention to overwhelming seedlings and shoveling seedlings.

4.2 Selective irrigation can be carried out in combination with selected plot conditions

Corn sowing period and seedling growth period have strong drought resistance. At this time, the temperature is lower, the plants are shorter, and the water demand is less. The seedlings should be mainly used to promote the root system. During the jointing, heading and filling stages of corn, the water demand is large. If the drought is dry during this period, it will cause a large amount of corn to be reduced. Therefore, we need to carry out timely and appropriate supplementary irrigation. In the later stage of corn growth, the water requirement is larger than that of the seedling stage. In the case of drought, supplementary irrigation should also be carried out to make the grain full and promote the increase of yield.

4.3 Implement scientific formula fertilization to prevent deferment in the later stage of corn growth and promote yield increase

Yimeng County is a semi-arid area, which should increase nitrogen fertilizer application, stabilize phosphorus, supplement potassium fertilizer, apply zinc fertilizer, increase organic fertilizer, and increase soil fertility. A one-time deep application of base fertilizer, mainly based on farmyard manure, combined with the application of chemical fertilizers. When the mouth fertilizer is planted, the seeds and fertilizers should be separated. The fertilizer should be 3~5cm below the seed side to avoid burning and burning. In the jointing stage, the big trumpet period and the silking period, it is the peak of fertilizer demand. It should be topdressed in different times. When the bottom fertilizer is sufficient, it can be applied late, and when the bottom fertilizer is insufficient, it can be applied early.

4.4 Scientific control of corn pests and diseases

Adhere to the principle of “prevention first” and highlight the principle of “integrated prevention and control, green prevention and long-term governance”. Rotating with non-grass crops, reducing the accumulation of pathogens, improving the ability of crops to resist stress, promoting disease-resistant varieties, coating and treating seeds with fungicides, etc.; releasing in two stages from the early stage of spawning to the egg-forming period Trichogramma can be used for biological control; it can also be used to control corn mash, using 0.3% phoxim granules of 7000~8000g, and the corn heart is applied to the bell mouth at the end of the heart, each plant dosage is 1~1.5g.

玉米如何栽培?玉米整地、播种、田间管理技术

5. Reasonable determination of harvest time

According to the climate characteristics of the region, before the first frost comes, the harvest can be delayed for 5~7d, which can promote the grain fullness, increase the grain weight and quality, reduce the water content, and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality, thus obtaining higher yield. The physiological maturity of maize is that the corn stalk leaves are dry and white, the upper mouth is loose, the black layer at the base of the grain appears, and the milk line disappears.

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