In hospitals, monitoring systems are indispensable for better patient care or for medical observation studies. Most of the monitoring systems used in hospitals today are television systems and low-light monitoring systems, which have high requirements for light, and systems based on infrared imaging technology do not have this problem.
Hardware implementation
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the entire infrared monitoring system is divided into two parts: one part is placed in the patient's ward to obtain patient information, which is called the front end; the other part is placed in the monitoring room, and the patient information is provided to the guardian. Called the back end; wired, wireless or infrared video transmission between the two.
Figure 1 Front end of the infrared monitoring system
Figure 2 Infrared monitoring system backend
The focusing module on the front end controls the optical focus of the lens to ensure clear image quality. The infrared detector is the core of the whole system and is responsible for converting the collected infrared signals into video electrical signals. The support module provides an appropriate bias voltage to ensure proper operation of the infrared detector. The function of the calibration module is to provide a uniform infrared intensity reference point for the infrared detector, which is essential for proper imaging. Electronic zoom is a complement to optical zoom, allowing for finer focus control in a smaller range. Since the characteristics of the detector elements of the infrared detector are inconsistent, the bias voltage provided by the support module cannot meet the normal working requirements of all the probe elements, so that a small number of probe elements cannot work normally, which will affect the quality of the image, and this problem It is solved by the bad element processing module.
The infrared signal generated by the human body is focused by the infrared lens and concentrated on the detection plane of the infrared detector. Under the cooperation of the support module, the correction module and the electronic zoom module, the infrared detector in the normal working state converts the received infrared signal into an initial video electrical signal, and outputs the signal to the subsequent processing module in a specific system. Bad element processing and nonlinear correction form the target video signal. The target video signal is then encoded and sent to the back end of the system.
The back end receives the video code sent by the front end, first performs decoding processing, and then sends it to the successor module for further processing. The decoded video signal is electronically amplified (or not amplified) as needed, and then directly sent to the display control module to realize real-time monitoring; at the same time, the storage module is sent for encoding and storage for future needs. The analysis module analyzes the sent video signal, and if the patient is found to have an uncomfortable reaction, the alarm module is triggered to remind the medical staff to take measures.
Software Implementation
The software flow of the infrared monitoring system is shown in Figure 3. After the system is powered on, first perform a self-test. If the self-test finds an error, an error is reported on the back-end monitor and a fault code is provided to assist in the analysis and judgment. If the self-test is normal, the infrared detector is activated to perform electronic calibration and electronic focusing. When ready, the infrared detector is issued a working command, and the infrared detector starts to receive the infrared signal and processes it. According to the settings of the guardian, the processed images can be stored on the one hand, displayed on the one hand for real-time monitoring, or only in real time. If necessary, the processed image is also sent to the computer for automatic analysis, and if the patient is found to have symptoms, an alarm is issued.
Figure 3 infrared monitoring system software flow chart
Comparison with traditional monitoring systems
Traditional systems are typically television systems, in a few cases twilight systems, or both. In a well-lit day, the TV system is well-equipped for monitoring. However, in the case of rainy weather, the imaging quality of the television system will be affected to some extent. At night, unless the lights are turned on, the TV system will not work at all, and turning on the lights will inevitably affect the rest of the patients, so the TV monitoring system has great limitations.
For low-light systems, it can only work in a certain range of brightness. During the day, because the signal input is too strong, the visibility is very poor, the patient's condition cannot be observed normally, and even the system may be burnt due to too strong light. In the case of too dark light or even no light source at all, the low-light system is also unable to monitor the patient. Even with the automatic gain control system, the above problems can only be alleviated to a certain extent, and this approach requires a corresponding cost, volume and weight.
Infrared solves the above problems. Since the infrared monitoring system receives the infrared signal emitted by the patient's body, the system is not affected by any strong, weak, presence or absence of visible light, and can work normally all the time. Especially when monitoring is performed at night, no additional treatment is required and the patient's rest is not adversely affected. Moreover, the change in infrared signal intensity caused by changes in the patient's body temperature is not very intense, and is only a narrow range for the infrared system, and does not affect the normal operation of the infrared system at all. Instead, this change can be clearly seen on the monitor, alerting the health care provider to the patient. Neither the television system nor the low-light system can reflect this change. Therefore, the infrared system not only makes up for the shortcomings of the television system and the low-light system, but also realizes a more powerful monitoring function.
Conclusion
The imaging quality of the infrared monitoring system is stable and clear, and details such as the movement of the eyebrows can be observed, which can fully meet the needs of observation. By analyzing the image software, when the patient is in an uncomfortable situation, an alarm can be issued, appropriate supporting measures, and even unattended monitoring can be achieved. Because the infrared monitoring system adopts the passive working mode, the infrared required for its work is naturally emitted by the human body, so it is a pollution-free and environmentally-friendly monitoring system, which is especially suitable for medical treatment .
(Editor: Xiao Zeng)
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