First, characteristics
The southern part of the mouth is large and flat, with broad chest and abdomen, short and thick chest and abdomen, long tail and flat side; the body surface is smooth and scaleless, and the skin is rich in mucus; the eyes are small and the mouth is large, hence the name; 2 on each side of the nostril, and the front and rear nostrils are separated by a long distance. The frontal nostrils are short, located on the snout, and the rear nostrils are in a garden shape and are located at the front of the eye. Upper and lower jaws are distributed with inwardly bared fine teeth; adult fish must be 2 pairs, juvenile stages must be 3 pairs; caudal fins concave, upper and lower leaves asymmetric, upper leaves longer than the lower leaves; intestinal short, with stomach; back The body side is usually gray-brown or tan, and the abdomen is gray and white, with small black dots, and each fin is grayish black.
The bigmouth scorpionfish is a low-lying fish that lurks in the water at low light during the day. It only disperses into the water layer during the day and feeds. Its docile nature, poor jump, will not mud. The water temperature from bottom to top is 0-38c, the suitable water temperature for growth is 12-31c, and the optimal temperature is 25-38c. It is a ferocious carnivorous fish that prey on various kinds of aquatic insects. Similar disability is serious, and can be equivalent to 2/3 of the body's growth rate. The growth rate of the first-instar fish is about 500 grams. Under the artificial breeding conditions, the fry of the year can reach 600-weight by the end of the year. 1500 grams. 2250 grams in the second year and 4000 grams in the third year. In the area south of the Yangtze River basin, it grows faster all year round, and is most prosperous in summer and autumn, with an average daily weight gain of 3-5 grams.
In natural waters, mature hens with a body length of 80 centimeters can achieve sexual maturity at the age of 4 years and can have more than 40,000 eggs. Spawning period from March to June. Spawning water temperature 18-26c, the most suitable 20-23c, its egg oil yellow, transparent, flat garden shape, with water that is sticky. The water temperature 22-25c, the fertilized eggs 40 hours out of fry, just out of the film larvae have a large yolk sac, lateral lying in the bottom of the tail can only swing, 2-3 days after the autonomous swimming began to forage.
Second, adult fish breeding
To choose pure big-mouthed larvae for adult fish farming, distinguish them from the soil-borne larvae at the time of purchase. The upper leaves of the caudal fins of the bigmouth larvae are significantly longer than the lower leaves, and their body color is more yellowish-brown and gray-yellow, their colonies are active, and their foraging ability is strong. On the other hand, the upper and lower leaves of the caudal fins of the soil lice are long and black or dark. Dark green, scattered in the pool, inactive, poor feeding, rapid growth, small individuals, there are many ways to raise large populations around the mouth, mainly as follows:
1, the main pond to raise: pond area of ​​5 acres or more, generally 1-2 acres, depth 1.5 acres -2.0 meters as well. It is advisable to provide an aerator for adequate water supply and convenient drainage and drainage. The ponds were sterilized by clear tanks before the seeds were released. 800-1000 per acre species, specifications for each tail 8-12 cm, raising 140-150 days, when the average weight of more than 500 grams can be developed into commercial fish, the survival rate of 85-95%. It can also be used to stock a certain number of flowers, large-size white fish species, put 100-120 per acre. Be careful not to stock eel, eel, grass carp and other food fish. Adult fish drinks are mainly artificial compound feeds, requiring crude protein 36-42%, particle diameter of 3-5 mm. Places where conditions can be fed fresh live sports feed, including a variety of wild fish, fish seedlings, larvae of larvae, animal viscera, cockroaches, flies, snail meat, livestock and other internal organs. The quality of this feed is relatively high, but the quantity is limited, which is suitable for large-scale breeding of small-scale farms or fishermen. The basic ingredients of artificial compound feed are fish meal, silkworm cocoon, blood meal, bean cake, rapeseed cake, corn and wheat, plus vitamin and inorganic salt mixture. Feeding with high-quality artificial pellet feed, the feed coefficient is 2-2.5, which takes about 150 days to reach the production level of 400 kg per mu.
2. Pond set-up: In the large-scale wild fish, the home fish into fish ponds, brood fish ponds, and Daxie ponds, it is possible to properly set up some large-mouth fish species. The amount of nesting is mainly determined by the amount of feed fish in the waters. It can often put 20-50 tail fishes with a body length of 12 cm or more per mu. This can reduce the main fish production, without increasing the input of feed, then harvested 0.5 to 1.5 kg of tail weight, 10-25 kg per mu of largemouth bass. After raising a large oyster in a fish pond, it will not only affect the yield of the main fish. On the contrary, the big oysters can eat wild fish and sick fish, which can reduce the competition for food objects and suppress fish diseases. The method of raising a large population of ponds is of great significance. However, it should be noted that it is not appropriate to rely on raising fish to solve ponds of large-sized fish species in the coming year and it is not appropriate to breed large-mouthed fish. There are also many ponds with poor water quality, inconvenience in drainage and irrigation, ponds where the fish are often floating and there are no aerators, and ponds with more blackfish.
3, cage feeding. The large-mouthed quail is cultured by artificial domestication. It has good adaptability to the cage environment and artificial compound feed. Therefore, it has been faster to use net cages to feed large burts in recent years.
(1) Net cage erection: Three-level cage culture methods are often used. Stocking 4 to 5 cm long fish species, first in the first-class box to grow, grow to a certain size, transferred to the second-class fish cage breeding, and finally transferred to the third-level fish cage culture. The nets of these three cages are 0.6-0.8 cm, 1.0-1.5 cm and 2.5-3.5 cm, respectively. Net cages should be set up in relatively open, sunny, with certain wind waves or slow flow of water, water depth of more than 5 meters, a transparency of about 1 meter, the water temperature above 22c throughout the year from March to May.
(2) Fish stocking. The breeding fry of that year was raised to 4-5 centimeters before being placed in cages of a first-class cage with a density of 400-600 per square centimeter. After 15-20 days of breeding, the clearing box is sifted and the boxes are bred in different sizes. The fish species of 8 cm or more are reared at a density of 300-400 m2/sq.m., and when the species size reaches 16.5 cm, they are transferred to Class II fingerlings are reared at a density of 200 to 250 tails per square decimeter. When it weighs about 25 grams, it is transferred to a fish box and the density is 120-150 cm/cm2. If every year fish species with a tail weight of about 400 grams is served, only 30-50 tails can be raised per square centimeter. In the case of the stocking densities mentioned above, a 25-square-meter adult fish cage can produce 1500-2,500 kg of large-mouthed adult fish.
(3) Feeding technology: According to the nutritional requirements of different growth stages of bigmouth larvae, four feed formulas are commonly used in production, namely, feedstuffs for feed conversion, feed for fingerlings, feed for adult fish, and feed for autumn, with the highest protein quality being Food feed, up to 45-48%, then decrease as the fish grows. The protein content of adult fish feed formula can be 35%, including fishmeal 25%, peanut powder 18%, yeast powder 5%, fish oil 1.1%, corn powder 10.4%, compound 2%, premix 2.5%, During processing, it is necessary to pay attention to smashing the raw materials as much as possible, and the quality of the adhesive is better, so as to ensure that the feed pellets are not loose in the water for about one hour, thereby improving the utilization rate of the large oysters.
In cages, largemouth owls are bred. Smaller individuals feed on the middle layer of water. Individuals are fed on layers. Small individuals receive fleas and soft feeds. Slightly larger individuals are willing to eat dry hard particles. Feed; Regardless of the size of the carp, almost no habit of feeding on the surface of the water, prefer to live in the box weeks and 4 box corners. Therefore, a feed station must be set up in the cage. Generally, there is 1 square meter for 10 square meters, 1-2 square meters for 25 square meters, and 20-30 centimeters from the bottom of the net in the box. When feeding, the feed is sprinkled on the surface above the feed table and swallowed by the big oysters as the feed pellets sink. When the feeding amount is 5-10 cm in length, the daily feeding rate is 8% to 10% of the fish's body weight, and the daily injection is 3-4 times. When the total length is 10-13 cm, the daily feeding rate is 4 -6%, daily shot 2-3 times; full-length after 23 cm, the bait rate can be reduced to 1-3%, feeding 1-2 times a day, the last time a day feeding can be arranged at 10 o'clock in the evening About left and right meters.
Cage rearing is generally carried out in May. The fish is raised till the end of October. The harvest time is 150 days or more. The survival rate can reach 70%. Each square meter cage can produce 65-100 kg of commercial fish, and the tail weight can reach 500. -700 grams.
(4) Paddy field stocking: Practice has shown that bigmouth bass is the main species in paddy fish farming. Paddy fields must be adequately filled with water, energy irrigation, drought-free, flood-flooded, well-polluted areas, and paddy field requirements should be around 1 mu. Before releasing the fish species, it is necessary to increase the height of the field hoe, excavate the fish ditch and the fish quarry, and build a fish stopping device. The size of the fish to be placed is large, and the fish body is strictly disinfected with 5% salt solution. Can be mixed with some carp, grass carp species. In the breeding process, wild fish caught in other waters or low-value and low-value fish may be fed as feed, or these small fish may be minced into minced meat and mixed with other plants as feed to stick flour. Made into mixed bait feeding. If the scale of farming is large, full-grain pellet feed must be used to meet the demand for large-scale production. Water injection and replacement of new water should be done regularly to ensure fresh, live and cool water.
Bigmouth bass has stronger disease resistance than many other fish, so there are not many common diseases. Relatively speaking, the bigmouth bass has a little more fish disease at the seedling stage. Commonly, there are white tip whitebait disease, small melon worm disease and hemorrhagic disease. At the stage of adult fish, it is easy to suffer from enteritis disease, print disease, and rickets. The causes of these diseases are often caused by poor disinfection of fish ponds, excessive stocking densities, failure to improve water quality in a timely manner, and feeding pathogens. Therefore, first of all, prevention should be the most important treatment. Since the bigmouth bream is a fish without scales, it is more appropriate to use a small number of methods for various medicines in the amount of conventional dosage. Such as the treatment of white tip disease, if caused by the parasitic trichoatma, can be used per square meter of water containing ferrous sulfate 0.1 g Quanchiposa; if caused by bacteria, 0.2-0.3 grams per square meter strong chlorine or bleach 1 g Quanchiposa , Or per square meter of water with quick lime 25-40 g Quanchiposa, used in conjunction 2-3 days.
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