The so-called "iron shovel" means hard ground and has the meaning of wheat stubble. After the summer wheat was harvested, the mechanized harvesting of the wheat bran was too high, which brought great difficulties to the summer crops. The adoption of the summer corn iron shovel mechanical seeding technology could solve this problem.
The summer corn stubble sowing is a new method of planting summer corn after harvesting wheat in order to win the accumulated temperature needed for corn growth and achieve high yield. That is, after harvesting wheat, stubble fields are immediately sown with a semi-precision corn stubble seeder, some are applied at the same time as the sowing, and the pre-emergence herbicides are sprayed after sowing, and no seedlings, weeds, and soils are needed after emergence. .
First, the advantages of summer corn shovel sowing
In recent years, the live broadcasting of summer corn stubble in some areas has been tested and demonstrated, and it has been widely promoted.
1. Improve the soil and protect the environment. If other crops are broadcast live, farmers often burn the wheat bran before sowing, which tends to result in soil compaction and salinization. The smoke formed after incineration pollutes the environment. The sowing of the summer corn stubble improved the soil and protected the environment.
2. Increase fertilizer efficiency and improve soil fertility. Because it is not deep plowing, wheat stubbles remain on the surface, receiving more sunlight, higher temperatures, and rot faster than buried in the ground, which is beneficial to increase fertility and increase soil fertility. Moreover, the carbon dioxide gas generated during decay can promote maize photosynthesis and facilitate maize growth.
3. Win the accumulated temperature and ensure the number of plants. The use of summer corn pods sowing, can be planted in advance 5-10 days sowing after planting species, to create conditions for the early Teng sorghum and squat timely planting, so that agricultural planting to achieve a virtuous circle. In previous years, in order to win the accumulated temperature, some areas used the method of wheat glutinous rice cultivars (also known as seeding), that is, during the wheat milk ripening period, the corn was sown in the ridge between wheat ridges. This can only be operated manually. The number of maize plants is not easy. Guarantee. And in the wheat harvesting process, the injury rate is often reached 8% due to human and animal treading and wheel rolling, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. According to the survey, 500-700 strains per mu were planted less than those planted with shovels, and it was difficult to achieve the requirement of 3200-4200 strains per acre, and the plant spacing was uneven.
4. Increase resistance to lodging. Due to the high corn stalks, the growth process coincides with the rainy season, sowing after sowing, and it is easy to fall down when encountering wind and rain. After sowing of no-till spade, the lodging resistance of summer maize increased.
5. Water conservation. Such as moderate lyrical, planting after deep turning will accelerate the evaporation of water, is not conducive to seed germination; if poor euphoria, in order to ensure germination and emergence, need watering, ploughing more than twice the amount of mu water sowing.
6. No weeding, no earthing. Because this technology requires spraying herbicides after sowing, the grass on the surface is killed, and the grass seeds in the depths of the ground are not lifted because they are not scratched. At the same time, the covering effect of wheat straw also inhibited the growth of weeds. In addition, the corn rooting crops, iron seedlings after sowing no soil can avoid rooting in the loose soil, play a solid role.
7. Provincial provinces and provinces, increase production and income. Compared with artificial on-demand seeding, maize and shovel seedlings can save 0.5-0.8 kg of seeds and reduce the number of workers. The cost of mu is reduced by about 8 yuan, and the yield per mu is increased by 5%-20%.
Second, the type of corn shovel planter
Corn stubble sowing machine can complete soil breaking, hoeing, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, earth covering and repression in one operation. According to the structural form, it can be divided into single cavity type, air suction type and retrofit type.
1 single hole seeder. Single hole seeder and small four-wheel tractor. Its seeding mechanism is a nest type, with a capacity of 170 seeds per hole. The opener has a core rake type, a rake type, a knife type, and a shoe type, and the first three are used for deeper and deeper application of chemical fertilizer, and the latter type is used for sowing. According to the form of earth cover, it is divided into ditch planting and sowing. The machine can also be sown with wheat, soybeans, sorghum, millet, peanuts, cotton, sunflowers, vegetables, etc. in small amounts by replacing the appropriate seedlings.
2. Air suction precision seed drill. Air-suction seeders are available in both large and small sizes. Large and medium-sized tractors, sowing lines are generally more than 4 rows; small and small four-wheel tractors, more than 2-3 lines, its characteristics are not injuring the seed, and the seeding is even and stable, the seed size requirements are not strict The range of hole spacing and sowing volume adjustment is relatively large, and general crops can be used.
3. Refitting planter. Use 2B-12 type grain planter to install chisel-shaped shovel to open trench sowing maize. According to the row spacing requirements of sowing corn, the original method is used to remove the three groups of opener of the original planter, install the chisel-shaped opener and the seed-transplanting tube that has been reformed, and arrange the rows of other sorting boxes corresponding to other openers. The amount of control board can be blocked.
三ã€Maize iron shovel planting technology
1. Use different types of shovel seeders depending on the level of wheat. In the sowing of corn stubble, most of the time after the wheat is harvested, the straw is pulled away and then the maize is sown. The current production of shovel seeders is mostly suitable for low-lying seedlings, such as the 2BXT-3 type. This machine has a smoother sowing when the climate is dry and the soil moisture content is low. Conversely, it is easy to block grass. The large-scale combine harvester harvests wheat, and the cutting height is generally more than 20 cm. The 2BK series shovel seeder or high-yield shovel seeder can be used; after the large-scale combine harvester, the straw is used to cut the crop and return it to the straw. The rods are chopped and returned to the field, or harvested using a combine harvester with a straw shredding device, and the straw is chopped and scattered on the ground. The 2BJY-2 type shovel seeder should be used for sowing. Device.
2. Select seeds. Maize seeds should be carefully selected or dressed with herbs, preferably coated, so as to prevent the lack of seedlings and ridges. It is necessary to select seeds that are suitable for long-day and early-maturing seeds, such as the Shandan series, Danyu series and Denghai series, otherwise it will affect the yield.
3. The shovel can be planted or grabbed. The key to good or bad seedlings is in sensation. If sensation is uncomfortable, watering must be done in time to protect seedlings.
4. Strictly observe the operating rules of the planter. If sowing can not be reversing, and pay attention to observe, to prevent straw plugging affect the quality of sowing.
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