Chrysoper scallop artificial breeding process generally includes pro-bead capture, selection, stocking, sex check, induced spawning, and larval rearing.
(1) Pro-shellfish harvesting, selection and stocking: Parents can choose 7-8 cm wild scallops or artificially-cultivated fans of ages 2 and older to require integrity without injury. After the pro-shellfish selection, we must wash the shells of the mixed algae, mixed shellfish, separated male and female, and then respectively into the shellfish, hanging in the sea area near the breeding scorpion raised, water depth 2-3 meters. When the nursery is started, it takes about 10 days to take the pro-beatete back to the room. When raising it in the pool, it is necessary to pay attention to the following work: one is to hold about 100 pro-beets per cubic meter of water, and the other is to change the water twice a day. Each time the full amount of water is changed, the bottom of the pool is thoroughly brushed. Thirdly, each time the water is changed, feed should be fed and gradually warmed up to maturity. Fourth, the dead shellfish should be picked out in time for temporary conservation to prevent water quality deterioration; Observing the activities of pro-beings at any time and finding that ovulation should be dealt with promptly to prevent the first batch of eggs from being drained when changing water.
(2) Oxygen Production Method: The scallop production methods include shade drying, flowing water, warming stimulation method and ultraviolet irradiation seawater immersion method. Chlamys farreri has concentrated spawning habits in the evening or at night. Therefore, mature gonads produce a large amount of sperms and eggs when they are given oxytocin after changing the water in the evening.
When the egg is fertilized, the first polar body appears as a fertilized egg, and the following points are required to handle the fertilized egg. Firstly, the egg is washed. In order to maintain a good development environment for the fertilized egg, the egg must be washed in time, and the egg washing is generally repeated. The water change council and the net filtering method are performed. The egg washing must remove the mucus, dirt and egg mass discharged from the pro-beets, and wash the excess semen. The second is counting the fertilized eggs. After washing eggs, gently agitate or continuously inflate the pool water so that the fertilized eggs are evenly distributed. Then use a biological random sampling method to take more eggs and stir them evenly together, and immediately use a graduated pipette to draw 0.5. - 1 ml of water is counted under a microscope (the count must be repeated several times). Finally, the number of fertilized eggs per milliliter of water was averaged, and then the total number of fertilized eggs per water body was calculated. Third, aeration and hatching hatching, due to scallop spawning more concentrated, fertilized egg density is often too large, so we must adopt continuous inflation and hatching method in order to enable the fertilized egg to develop normally. In general, the hatching density of fertilized eggs should not exceed 50/ml. The fourth is the release of antibiotics to treat fertilization I release, in order to prevent bacteria breeding and harm, in the fertilized egg incubation stage, the need to add a certain amount of antibiotic drugs, the current variety of antibiotic drugs, such as penicillin, oxytetracycline, etc., should be based on the specific Situation selection drug treatment.
Selection (1) Optimal larvae: After scallop spawning, how to choose the larvae that hatch early, and which are the most active and healthy, is the most important part of scallop artificial breeding work. Currently, the following two types are mainly adopted: method:
1 Concentrated larvae preferred method. Before selecting the best, stop stirring the water in the pool, let the larvae float freely. Generally, the larvae grow up early and are healthy. Individuals float faster on the surface and most float on the surface of the pool. At this time, a cage made of 200 mesh nylon sieves is placed on the tank. In large sinks, soft hoses or soft plastic tubes are sterilized and put into the surface of the pool. The artificial siphon method is used to suck larvae into the cage. When the concentration of larvae in the cage is concentrated to the density of the broilers, the larvae must be promptly removed. Pour into a fresh, well-sterilized tank.
2 Trawl optimization method. The 200 mesh nylon screen is used to make the hand-push net easy to operate. Or make a trawl with the same width as the pool, gently drag the healthy larvae on the surface of the pool and put it into a new pond for cultivation. After a short delay, it should be stopped for a while in order to allow the larvae to float and then towed. When most of the fast-moving, healthy larvae are hauled in almost the same time, the remaining slow-growing, poorly-moving larvae should be disposed of in time. In short, regardless of which method is preferred, the preferred density must be appropriate. From the current level, stocking density should generally be maintained at 8-10 ml.
(2) Larval culture and management: In the scallop larvae culture management, attention should be paid to the problems of changing water, feeding, inflating, clearing the pool, pouring pools, and using antibiotics safely. Changing the water: After the healthy larvae are selected into the new pond, water is used on the first day, and water is changed every day to maintain good water quality. Under normal circumstances, the larvae are developed to the initial stage of the D-shaped larvae and the water is changed twice a day. 1/3; enter the shell larvae, change the water twice a day, each time 1/2, larvae appear when the eye point, change the water 3 times a day, each time change 1/2; larvae after abnormal attachment should be taken Duration of water change method to meet the larvae's need for fresh water quality.
When changing the water, pay attention to the following: First, the water quality should be refreshed. Always check whether there is a problem with the filtered water system; Second, strictly change the water regularly; Third, the water flow must be strictly controlled, not too rash or too slow, so as not to cause larvae mechanical damage and Local larvae died of hypoxia; Fourth, after changing the water, the cages should be inspected once again and leaks were repaired in time to prevent the loss of larvae.
Feeding and aerating: Larvae of different developmental stages have certain adaptability to the type of bait. According to the size of larvae and the need for growth and development, regular quantitative feeding, the principle of less investment should be mastered when feeding, so as not to pollute the water quality, but also to ensure the growth and development of larvae.
Proper inflation can keep the bait evenly distributed. When scallops are raised artificially, the inflation can maintain the water temperature balance.
Clearing ponds and pouring pools: In order to maintain the fresh water quality of the nursery, the scallops can have a good growth environment. Therefore, it is necessary to clear the ponds and pour the pools in time. Under normal circumstances, artificial siphoning is used to clear the pool bottom every 2-3 days. Once, the larvae are washed every 5-6 days and poured into a new pool and re-cultivated, known as a "pour pool." The inverted pool is similar to the larval optimization method, but nylon sieves can be replaced with 79 micron mesh.
The appropriate amount of antibiotics is used: During the process of scallop larvae cultivation, in addition to the use of methods such as "pour pooling" to prevent and control the hazards of native stone animals in seawater, a certain amount of antibiotics must be promptly put in order to effectively inhibit bacterial growth and improve the survival rate of larvae. The current use of antibiotics and their safety are: oxytetracycline 1-2ppm; penicillin, streptomycin 5-10ppm; tetracycline, chloramphenicol 2-4ppm; nitrofurazone 1-2ppm and sulfa drugs. In addition, according to the specific circumstances, appropriate application of 5-10ppm EDTA sodium salt, the effect is better, the above drugs can be selected according to the actual needs of nursery.
(3) The main bait and feeding technology of larvae: Currently, the species of bait needed for growth of scallop larvae mainly include: diatoms (such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, P. tricornutum, C. edulis, Chaetoceros, etc.) and gold algae (fork whip). Algae, single whip algae), green algae (flat algae) and other single-cell planktonic algae.
Mastering baiting technology should mainly accomplish the following:
The first is that the ratio of feeding the food should be appropriate. Under normal circumstances, the pre-feeding ratio of scallop larvae should be 60% for diatoms or gold algae, and 40% for green algae. 50% of gold algae and green algae in the later period.
The second is to reasonably understand the feeding time and feeding amount. Generally about three times a day feeding, bait-based feeding after changing the water, each feeding amount should be based on actual food intake of scallop larvae.
The third is to determine the density of algae in the bait and the amount of residual bait in the cultivation pond before feeding. When bait is generally quantified in 10 liters of plastic bucket, it should be sprayed uniformly. Never use a hose to siphon or use a water pump to directly feed the bait. Into the cultivation pool, so easy to increase the local ammonia nitrogen pool, causing the larvae to sink and die. Feeds must be freshly fed during the exponential growth period. Raw foods that are contaminated or aged should not be used. Feeding must be stopped for 2-3 days before feeding.
Adhesion dispenser (1) The choice of attachment base: must be non-toxic, odorless, non-pollution water quality, light and durable, easy to operate, the amount of adhesion per unit area and so on. At present, the northern coastal breeding units generally choose the old net clothes (mesh sheets), red brown seedling ropes, plastic sheets, and polyethylene (or polypropylene) mesh bags as the attachment bases for scallops.
(2) Attachment base treatment method: Due to the different types and differences, with red brown rope as an example, the treatment process is: soaking - hammering - drug treatment - boiling - soaking - hammering - drying dry.
(3) The placement of attachments: It is important to master the delivery time and methods. Delivery time: The practice of seedling production tells us that the premature attachment of the substrate not only affects the normal management of the nursery pond, but also is easily contaminated by residual bait and impurities, and the larvae are difficult to attach. If the attachment base is put too late, the best attachment of the larvae is missed. The opportunity to sink and die, therefore, the best time for delivery should be 20-30% of the larvae within the pool when the eye occurs, the bottom of the base can be deposited on the attachment base, and then suspended on the 3rd day of the upper attachment base, must not be After the attachment base was cast, the scallop larvae's appearance of eye-points was closely related to the individual's size, water temperature, feed, and water quality. In general, when the larvae reach 170-190 microns, eye spots appear, and when they are short, they are about 10 days. The elderly are about 20 days.
Delivery method: If the old mesh and polyethylene mesh bags are placed, washed and disinfected stones can be used, and both sides of the attachment base can fall into the bottom of the pool. The attachment base is not exposed to the water surface. If the red-brown seedling rope is used as the attachment base, a plastic pipe pontoon can be constructed according to the size of the pond, and the attachment base can be neatly hung on the top. When the water is changed, the pontoon can freely move up and down with the water layer so as not to cause death of the seedlings.
Out of the pond to the sea (1) Out of the pool time: If the out of the pool is too early, the juveniles are small, and they are not firmly attached, which can easily cause a large number of shellfish to fall off. If the pool is too late, the density of the juveniles in the pool is large, with individual growth. The bait and water quality conditions can not meet the needs, it will also cause a large number of shellfish off the death, but also increased the cost of nursery. Judging from the current level of nursery, when the attachment base is released for about 10 days and the average shell length of juveniles is as long as 300-500 μm, it can be grown in the middle of the sea.
(2) Going out of the sea to the sea: different local practices will attach a large number of attachment bases with juveniles into the plastic cylinders, some will be attached to the cages inside the sea; others will be attached to the base Within the net bag of ethylene, in general, no matter what method is used to go out of the sea, it should be based on the characteristics of different sea areas to obtain more seedling maintenance rates.
(3) Pay attention to the change of weather and water temperature: Before juveniles are out of the pool, they should check whether there is no stormy weather this week before they can go to the sea. Before going to the sea, it is best to choose cloudy days and early morning. Avoid hot weather and direct sunlight. In addition, before leaving the pool, the water temperature and light in the pool should be adjusted to be close to the sea area, especially for temperature raising nursery.
(4) Juvenile transport: If you purchase juvenile and Baomiao sea area away from the nursery, you must use the car and shipping. The juvenile transport is best to use the dry transport method, the specific approach: the attachment base will be installed into the equipment to protect the seedlings, Then cover it with straw or seat belts that have been bubbled through clean seawater. If the temperature is low, there must be strong winds to prevent juveniles from drying out. Use canvas to cover them lightly. In transport, be sure to prevent direct sunlight. , rain and oil pollution.
(1) Pro-shellfish harvesting, selection and stocking: Parents can choose 7-8 cm wild scallops or artificially-cultivated fans of ages 2 and older to require integrity without injury. After the pro-shellfish selection, we must wash the shells of the mixed algae, mixed shellfish, separated male and female, and then respectively into the shellfish, hanging in the sea area near the breeding scorpion raised, water depth 2-3 meters. When the nursery is started, it takes about 10 days to take the pro-beatete back to the room. When raising it in the pool, it is necessary to pay attention to the following work: one is to hold about 100 pro-beets per cubic meter of water, and the other is to change the water twice a day. Each time the full amount of water is changed, the bottom of the pool is thoroughly brushed. Thirdly, each time the water is changed, feed should be fed and gradually warmed up to maturity. Fourth, the dead shellfish should be picked out in time for temporary conservation to prevent water quality deterioration; Observing the activities of pro-beings at any time and finding that ovulation should be dealt with promptly to prevent the first batch of eggs from being drained when changing water.
(2) Oxygen Production Method: The scallop production methods include shade drying, flowing water, warming stimulation method and ultraviolet irradiation seawater immersion method. Chlamys farreri has concentrated spawning habits in the evening or at night. Therefore, mature gonads produce a large amount of sperms and eggs when they are given oxytocin after changing the water in the evening.
When the egg is fertilized, the first polar body appears as a fertilized egg, and the following points are required to handle the fertilized egg. Firstly, the egg is washed. In order to maintain a good development environment for the fertilized egg, the egg must be washed in time, and the egg washing is generally repeated. The water change council and the net filtering method are performed. The egg washing must remove the mucus, dirt and egg mass discharged from the pro-beets, and wash the excess semen. The second is counting the fertilized eggs. After washing eggs, gently agitate or continuously inflate the pool water so that the fertilized eggs are evenly distributed. Then use a biological random sampling method to take more eggs and stir them evenly together, and immediately use a graduated pipette to draw 0.5. - 1 ml of water is counted under a microscope (the count must be repeated several times). Finally, the number of fertilized eggs per milliliter of water was averaged, and then the total number of fertilized eggs per water body was calculated. Third, aeration and hatching hatching, due to scallop spawning more concentrated, fertilized egg density is often too large, so we must adopt continuous inflation and hatching method in order to enable the fertilized egg to develop normally. In general, the hatching density of fertilized eggs should not exceed 50/ml. The fourth is the release of antibiotics to treat fertilization I release, in order to prevent bacteria breeding and harm, in the fertilized egg incubation stage, the need to add a certain amount of antibiotic drugs, the current variety of antibiotic drugs, such as penicillin, oxytetracycline, etc., should be based on the specific Situation selection drug treatment.
Selection (1) Optimal larvae: After scallop spawning, how to choose the larvae that hatch early, and which are the most active and healthy, is the most important part of scallop artificial breeding work. Currently, the following two types are mainly adopted: method:
1 Concentrated larvae preferred method. Before selecting the best, stop stirring the water in the pool, let the larvae float freely. Generally, the larvae grow up early and are healthy. Individuals float faster on the surface and most float on the surface of the pool. At this time, a cage made of 200 mesh nylon sieves is placed on the tank. In large sinks, soft hoses or soft plastic tubes are sterilized and put into the surface of the pool. The artificial siphon method is used to suck larvae into the cage. When the concentration of larvae in the cage is concentrated to the density of the broilers, the larvae must be promptly removed. Pour into a fresh, well-sterilized tank.
2 Trawl optimization method. The 200 mesh nylon screen is used to make the hand-push net easy to operate. Or make a trawl with the same width as the pool, gently drag the healthy larvae on the surface of the pool and put it into a new pond for cultivation. After a short delay, it should be stopped for a while in order to allow the larvae to float and then towed. When most of the fast-moving, healthy larvae are hauled in almost the same time, the remaining slow-growing, poorly-moving larvae should be disposed of in time. In short, regardless of which method is preferred, the preferred density must be appropriate. From the current level, stocking density should generally be maintained at 8-10 ml.
(2) Larval culture and management: In the scallop larvae culture management, attention should be paid to the problems of changing water, feeding, inflating, clearing the pool, pouring pools, and using antibiotics safely. Changing the water: After the healthy larvae are selected into the new pond, water is used on the first day, and water is changed every day to maintain good water quality. Under normal circumstances, the larvae are developed to the initial stage of the D-shaped larvae and the water is changed twice a day. 1/3; enter the shell larvae, change the water twice a day, each time 1/2, larvae appear when the eye point, change the water 3 times a day, each time change 1/2; larvae after abnormal attachment should be taken Duration of water change method to meet the larvae's need for fresh water quality.
When changing the water, pay attention to the following: First, the water quality should be refreshed. Always check whether there is a problem with the filtered water system; Second, strictly change the water regularly; Third, the water flow must be strictly controlled, not too rash or too slow, so as not to cause larvae mechanical damage and Local larvae died of hypoxia; Fourth, after changing the water, the cages should be inspected once again and leaks were repaired in time to prevent the loss of larvae.
Feeding and aerating: Larvae of different developmental stages have certain adaptability to the type of bait. According to the size of larvae and the need for growth and development, regular quantitative feeding, the principle of less investment should be mastered when feeding, so as not to pollute the water quality, but also to ensure the growth and development of larvae.
Proper inflation can keep the bait evenly distributed. When scallops are raised artificially, the inflation can maintain the water temperature balance.
Clearing ponds and pouring pools: In order to maintain the fresh water quality of the nursery, the scallops can have a good growth environment. Therefore, it is necessary to clear the ponds and pour the pools in time. Under normal circumstances, artificial siphoning is used to clear the pool bottom every 2-3 days. Once, the larvae are washed every 5-6 days and poured into a new pool and re-cultivated, known as a "pour pool." The inverted pool is similar to the larval optimization method, but nylon sieves can be replaced with 79 micron mesh.
The appropriate amount of antibiotics is used: During the process of scallop larvae cultivation, in addition to the use of methods such as "pour pooling" to prevent and control the hazards of native stone animals in seawater, a certain amount of antibiotics must be promptly put in order to effectively inhibit bacterial growth and improve the survival rate of larvae. The current use of antibiotics and their safety are: oxytetracycline 1-2ppm; penicillin, streptomycin 5-10ppm; tetracycline, chloramphenicol 2-4ppm; nitrofurazone 1-2ppm and sulfa drugs. In addition, according to the specific circumstances, appropriate application of 5-10ppm EDTA sodium salt, the effect is better, the above drugs can be selected according to the actual needs of nursery.
(3) The main bait and feeding technology of larvae: Currently, the species of bait needed for growth of scallop larvae mainly include: diatoms (such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, P. tricornutum, C. edulis, Chaetoceros, etc.) and gold algae (fork whip). Algae, single whip algae), green algae (flat algae) and other single-cell planktonic algae.
Mastering baiting technology should mainly accomplish the following:
The first is that the ratio of feeding the food should be appropriate. Under normal circumstances, the pre-feeding ratio of scallop larvae should be 60% for diatoms or gold algae, and 40% for green algae. 50% of gold algae and green algae in the later period.
The second is to reasonably understand the feeding time and feeding amount. Generally about three times a day feeding, bait-based feeding after changing the water, each feeding amount should be based on actual food intake of scallop larvae.
The third is to determine the density of algae in the bait and the amount of residual bait in the cultivation pond before feeding. When bait is generally quantified in 10 liters of plastic bucket, it should be sprayed uniformly. Never use a hose to siphon or use a water pump to directly feed the bait. Into the cultivation pool, so easy to increase the local ammonia nitrogen pool, causing the larvae to sink and die. Feeds must be freshly fed during the exponential growth period. Raw foods that are contaminated or aged should not be used. Feeding must be stopped for 2-3 days before feeding.
Adhesion dispenser (1) The choice of attachment base: must be non-toxic, odorless, non-pollution water quality, light and durable, easy to operate, the amount of adhesion per unit area and so on. At present, the northern coastal breeding units generally choose the old net clothes (mesh sheets), red brown seedling ropes, plastic sheets, and polyethylene (or polypropylene) mesh bags as the attachment bases for scallops.
(2) Attachment base treatment method: Due to the different types and differences, with red brown rope as an example, the treatment process is: soaking - hammering - drug treatment - boiling - soaking - hammering - drying dry.
(3) The placement of attachments: It is important to master the delivery time and methods. Delivery time: The practice of seedling production tells us that the premature attachment of the substrate not only affects the normal management of the nursery pond, but also is easily contaminated by residual bait and impurities, and the larvae are difficult to attach. If the attachment base is put too late, the best attachment of the larvae is missed. The opportunity to sink and die, therefore, the best time for delivery should be 20-30% of the larvae within the pool when the eye occurs, the bottom of the base can be deposited on the attachment base, and then suspended on the 3rd day of the upper attachment base, must not be After the attachment base was cast, the scallop larvae's appearance of eye-points was closely related to the individual's size, water temperature, feed, and water quality. In general, when the larvae reach 170-190 microns, eye spots appear, and when they are short, they are about 10 days. The elderly are about 20 days.
Delivery method: If the old mesh and polyethylene mesh bags are placed, washed and disinfected stones can be used, and both sides of the attachment base can fall into the bottom of the pool. The attachment base is not exposed to the water surface. If the red-brown seedling rope is used as the attachment base, a plastic pipe pontoon can be constructed according to the size of the pond, and the attachment base can be neatly hung on the top. When the water is changed, the pontoon can freely move up and down with the water layer so as not to cause death of the seedlings.
Out of the pond to the sea (1) Out of the pool time: If the out of the pool is too early, the juveniles are small, and they are not firmly attached, which can easily cause a large number of shellfish to fall off. If the pool is too late, the density of the juveniles in the pool is large, with individual growth. The bait and water quality conditions can not meet the needs, it will also cause a large number of shellfish off the death, but also increased the cost of nursery. Judging from the current level of nursery, when the attachment base is released for about 10 days and the average shell length of juveniles is as long as 300-500 μm, it can be grown in the middle of the sea.
(2) Going out of the sea to the sea: different local practices will attach a large number of attachment bases with juveniles into the plastic cylinders, some will be attached to the cages inside the sea; others will be attached to the base Within the net bag of ethylene, in general, no matter what method is used to go out of the sea, it should be based on the characteristics of different sea areas to obtain more seedling maintenance rates.
(3) Pay attention to the change of weather and water temperature: Before juveniles are out of the pool, they should check whether there is no stormy weather this week before they can go to the sea. Before going to the sea, it is best to choose cloudy days and early morning. Avoid hot weather and direct sunlight. In addition, before leaving the pool, the water temperature and light in the pool should be adjusted to be close to the sea area, especially for temperature raising nursery.
(4) Juvenile transport: If you purchase juvenile and Baomiao sea area away from the nursery, you must use the car and shipping. The juvenile transport is best to use the dry transport method, the specific approach: the attachment base will be installed into the equipment to protect the seedlings, Then cover it with straw or seat belts that have been bubbled through clean seawater. If the temperature is low, there must be strong winds to prevent juveniles from drying out. Use canvas to cover them lightly. In transport, be sure to prevent direct sunlight. , rain and oil pollution.