In the Hetao area, greenhouses are generally only cultivated in winter. The seedlings will be planted at the beginning of July and planted at the beginning of September. In the second year, it will be pulled out in March and April. Because the growth period of this celery is too long, it not only passes through the hot days, but also passes through the cold for 30 days. Therefore, it is necessary to choose both heat-resistance, cold-resistance, and strong winter in the cultivation. , petiole green stalks of celery. In terms of market consumption in recent years, celery and parsley account for 50% each.
I. Variety selection
1. The varieties of celery include: Jinnan Shiqin 1, Machang celery, and real celery.
2, celery varieties are: California king, high Utah 52-70, Italian winter celery, Zhongqin 1, Zhongqin 2, celery 1, and so on.
Since the seeds of celery are very small and the weight of one thousand grains is only 0.4-0.5 grams, the seed germination rate of the old type is very low, and almost none of them germinate. Therefore, while selecting the variety, we must also consider whether the seeds are fresh seeds of 1-2 years.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
The celery growing method of wintering cultivation is the same as the method of growing vegetables for autumn and winter in other greenhouses, and it still needs to be carried out on shady seed beds. Select a fertile plot with a high topography, drought-irrigated, fertile energy, and loose soil as the seedbed. After selecting the seedbed, draw a 1.2-meter-wide, 6-8-meter-long sorghum flour to evenly shovel the seedbed soil to 10 cm thick, grind the sifting, and add 3:1 to the well-rounded, sifted, high-quality ring fertilizer. , Tiling to the bed, leaving 1/5 mixed soil spare. The seedlings should be surrounded by a 25-centimeter-long beak, and then give enough water. When the water seeps, use the spare soil left behind to level the seedbed to avoid pits on the seedlings. Sow seeds directly. Since the seeds of celery are very small, direct seeding is difficult to sow, and the seeds must be mixed with 3-5 times the sieved sand before sowing. The sowing amount per acre cultivation field is about 300 grams. The seeding rate per square meter seedbed is 4-5 grams. After sowing, cover 0.6-1 cm thick screened fine sandy soil.
Since celery is like cold, cold and heat, the seedling stage is at a high temperature, and the seed loses its germination power at a temperature of more than 30°C. It is necessary to use seedlings to grow seedlings and make the seedlings have a suitable growth environment. The seedling bed buckles a small arch shed 1.5 meters wide and a height of 1 meter. The shade net is directly covered on the scaffolding and enclosed tightly. Due to the small seeds of celery, the top soil is extremely weak, and the seedbed is slightly dry and can not emerge. If there is hot rain prior to emergence, it should be sprayed and cooled in cold well water in time. At the same time, the seedlings should be lightly stroked with wire, and the compaction should be removed. Reduce water evaporation from seedbeds to avoid suffocation of seedlings due to lack of oxygen, while preventing high temperatures from inhibiting germination and emergence.
After 4-5 days of sowing, a layer of young seedlings was first unearthed. This was a weed and was removed manually before the celery seedlings were unearthed. About 10 days later, two cotyledons of celery broke into the ground. At this time, watering should be stepped up to keep the seedbed moist. After all the seedlings have been unearthed, shade nets shall be withdrawn in the morning, evening and rainy days, and shade shall be carried out at 10:30 am to 4:30 pm on sunny days so that the seedlings have a suitable growth temperature as much as possible. When the seedling grows to two true leaves, it is combined with artificially removing the weeds, and the seedlings are separated, the seedlings are separated by 1 cm, and 3-4 leaves are planted again, so that the seedling distance is maintained at about 2 cm, and the seedlings are prevented from growing into weak due to lack of nutrients. Seedlings or invalid seedlings. After the seedlings are watered in time, but they should be poured carefully and keep the seedbed dry and wet. Because the seedlings at this time have not yet formed a well-developed transduction tissue, which is both afraid of drought and fear of pupae, if there is water accumulation on the ground, it will lead to the death of hypoxic seedlings.
Third, colonization
1. Site preparation and fertilization: Celery is suitable for the cultivation of clay soil that is rich in organic matter and has strong ability to retain water and fertility, and requires relatively high nutrient conditions. Therefore, one kilometer per acre of facilities before the planting is 6,000 kg of decomposed cyclamen and 50 kg of superphosphate. , 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 4 kg of zinc sulfate, evenly applied to the surface, plowing again, cultivating 20 cm deep. Combine the ground preparation to make a 1.5-meter-wide broom and deep pour.
2. Preparation before planting: Before the onset of frost in early September, when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, they can be planted. Two days before planting, the shed film was buckled into a sky-like shape to give enough water to the seedbed. When raising the seedlings, the root system should not be damaged as much as possible, and the seedlings can reach a depth of 10 cm. After the emergence of seedlings according to the size of the seedlings. Planting large seedlings before planting, after planting seedlings, avoid large and small seedlings mixed seedlings to form large seedlings bully seedlings, poor growth.
3. Colonization: Planting was carried out using the method of cultivating flat ridges. When planting, each sorghum will open 7 small ditches, which are 10 cm deep, 5 cm wide and 18-20 cm apart. The seedlings were placed upright in the ditch. The distance between the plants was 8 cm for the celery, 45,000 for the pasture, 20 cm for the celery, and 16,000 for the mu. Different varieties require different spacings. The depth of the buried soil is the same as the original depth of seedlings. The leaves must be exposed and not too deep or too shallow. Immediately watering every 1 day to avoid seedlings slowing due to excessive water loss.
IV. Field Management after Planting
1. Temperature and humidity management: The optimum growth temperature for celery plants is 15-20°C. Before October, the temperature should be controlled by watering and adjusting the amount of air release. The maximum temperature in this stage does not exceed 22°C; after entering November, the temperature must be guaranteed by strengthening the insulation and reducing the ventilation. The minimum temperature at this stage cannot be lower than 10°C. If 5-10 °C for 10 consecutive days, it is easy to pass through the vernalization stage to form convulsions. The entire plant life of celery requires high soil moisture and the surface is often kept moist.
2, light regulation: celery is a light-resistant vegetable crops. The length of light has little effect on its vegetative growth, but it has a great influence on its reproductive growth. Especially in overwintering cultivation, poor light regulation will lead to twitching prematurely, which will seriously affect the yield and quality. By performing light adjustment, it is possible to avoid or delay twitching and achieve continuous harvesting and high yield. The specific approach is to cover the grass curtain early, control the daily light time within 6-9 hours, so that celery is always in short-day conditions.
3, water and fertilizer management: planting water depends on the seedlings. Before the heart grows, it is necessary to keep the surface dry and wet. When it is short of water, it should be poured shallowly to promote seedling growth. After the heart leaves grow, control the watering. During the period, the wire can be used to lightly scratch the surface to replace the cultivator, block the soil capillary, reduce water evaporation, and promote root growth. When the leaves start to grow upright, strengthen the water supply, often keep the surface moist, and apply 1 urea with water, applying 15 kg per mu. After entering the period of enlargement of the heart and leaves, we must strengthen the supply of potash, and apply 100 kg of biological potash fertilizer to Mushi and mix and apply 30 kg of ammonium sulfate. After that, every time you harvest it, you will chase the fertilizer one time to ensure that your heart leaves will be hypertrophied again. Where conditions permit, biogas residue liquid fertilizer can be used instead of chemical fertilizer, and 1,000 kg per mu can be used for spraying.
The watering and top dressing of celery are more elaborate. Watering is generally carried out 1-2 days before harvesting. The main purpose of the watering is to use small water. After the plants have fully absorbed the water, the harvested petioles can be kept fresh and listed. After harvesting, it is not possible to water immediately, but it takes one week and the wounds are basically healed and then watered, which is conducive to disease control. Top dressing is mainly for appetite. When the leaves do not have dew, after spreading the fertilizer, use a soft rake to sweep the fertilizer particles that fall on the leaves. Otherwise, the water droplets on the leaves will burn the leaves and reduce the commodity. After top dressing, water must be diffused through the heart and dissolve the fertilizer particles entrained in the heart, otherwise it will burn the heart and affect the yield.
4. Several factors need to be noted in the cultivation of celery. Celery is a vegetable with petiole as a commodity, so all cultivation measures must be carried out around the growth of the petiole. First, water shortage, nitrogen deficiency and low temperature freezing, petiole easy to produce hollow; followed by high temperature, dry soil, lack of boron, petiole will occur "cracking" phenomenon, parsley calcium deficiency is easy to rot; Third, in the celery The plant height reached 20 cm or more and two times before harvest, gibberellin was sprayed once. Applying a concentration of 10 mg/l water is more effective when combined with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Choose to spray before 9 o'clock in the morning on sunny days, and it is forbidden to use on rainy days. Spray more water after spraying and apply more fertilizer. The use of gibberellic acid not only increases production but also improves quality and increases disease resistance.
5. Harvesting: Harvesting of winter celery in the greenhouse includes two methods: one is harvesting. Both cultivated celery and celery can be harvested using this method. 2-3 tablets per plant were harvested to achieve commercial petiole. The other is cutting. Primarily celery is harvested using this method. When the market sales price is high, it is timely to take a one-time harvest. Regardless of the method, celery should be kept under low-temperature and high-humidity conditions during its post-harvest period of transportation, but it should not be chilled, reduce respiration and transpiration, reduce nutrient and water consumption, and keep it fresh.
Five, open celery cultivation techniques
Celery cultivation can be divided into spring celery and autumn celery, spring celery in late February seedlings, planting in early May, harvested in mid-June. It can also be broadcast live in open field in the middle and late March and harvest in the middle and late July. Autumn celery can be planted in late May to early June, and in mid-July, wheat vines will be planted and harvested in late September and early October.
VI. Pest Control
The main pests of wintering cultivation of celery are aphids. The specific prevention and control methods are as described above. Diseases that have a great influence on the yield and quality of celery are the diseases. The main diseases are celery leaf spot and celery spot blight.
ã€Symptoms】 Celery leaf spot disease, also known as early blight, mainly damages the leaves. Yellowish-green spotted water spot at the beginning, followed by a round or irregular shape with a size of 4 to 10 mm. The lesion is gray-brown and the edge color is slightly dark and not clear. In severe cases, the lesion expands and assembles to form a plaque. Withered. The lesion on the stem or petiole is oval, 3-7 mm, grayish brown, slightly concave. Severe incidence of lodging of the whole plant. At the time of high humidity, each of the above-mentioned diseases grows a gray and white mold layer.
[control methods]
(1) Select resistant varieties. For example, Jinnan Shiqin No. 1.
(2) Seed soaking in warm water at 48°C for 30 minutes if necessary.
(3) Proper close planting and scientific irrigation to prevent excessive humidity in the field.
(4) Spray 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 50 times, or 77% WP 500-fold spray at the beginning of the disease; also use 5% chlorothalonil dust, 1 kg/mu Or apply 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent, 200 grams per acre, about every 9 days, continuous or alternate application of 2-3 times.
2, celery spot blight
The disease has become an important disease of celery in winter and spring protected areas, and has a great influence on the yield and quality of celery.
[Symptoms] The celery spot blotch, also known as leaf blight. Leaf, petiole and stem can be infected. One is the old leaf disease. The lesions on the leaf were scattered and varied in size ranging from 3 to 10 cm in diameter. They were initially light brown and stained with small spots. They gradually expanded afterwards. The central part was brownish and necrotic. The outer edges were mostly dark red and the diseased and healthy parts were obvious. There are a few black spots. The other is that it is not easy to distinguish from the former at the beginning, and the posterior center is yellow-white or gray-white. The edges gather many black small particles, and the lesions often have a yellow halo outside the lesion. The lesions have different diameters. The petiole or stem was infected, the lesion was brown, the oval was slightly sunken, and the center had scattered black dots.
(1) Disinfect the seeds.
(2) Strengthen field management, avoid flooding and pay attention to cooling and humidity.
(3) Before celery ridge sealing, there are 45% chlorothalonil fumigation, 200-250 grams per acre, or 5% chlorothalonil dust, 1 kg per acre.
(4) In the early stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times; or 64% antivirus WP 500 times; or 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times, every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.
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