Greenhouse flowers are not tolerant to cold flowers. Every year in late spring due to high temperature in greenhouses, they need to be moved to outdoor cultivation and maintenance (this article refers to out-of-house management); late autumn, due to low outside temperature, they need to move into indoor maintenance (this article refers to the room entrance). management). Climate factors such as temperature, light, and humidity in the greenhouse have obvious differences with the outside world. This difference will cause the flowers to adapt to the growth process during the process of moving flowers into and out of the greenhouse, and then affect the normal growth and development of the flowers. If a certain measure is taken and fine management is performed when the flowers are out of the house and enter the house, these drawbacks can be overcome and the normal growth and development of the flowers can be promoted.
1 Time of exiting and entering the house Generally speaking, after the late spring frost, the lowest temperature at night is greater than 5°C, you can consider leaving the house; in the autumn frost is approaching, the minimum temperature at night is less than 5°C, you must enter the house. Taking Shandong as an example, the flowers leave the house around April 20, and the flowers enter the house around October 24; in Beijing, the phenology period is about 8 to 10 days later than Shandong, and the corresponding exit and entry time should also be 8 to 10 days in the evening; the Yangtze River Valley is about 8 to 10 days ahead of schedule. The specific time of getting out and entering the house must be determined based on the weather forecast at that time. The phenology period is not constant, and the difference sometimes varies from 7 to 10 days. Therefore, the specific exit and entry time It is also necessary to be flexible according to the phenology period at that time.
Low-temperature greenhouse flowers come out earlier when they leave the house, such as Primula, Camellia, cineraria, Admiralty, and a leaf blue; after 4 to 5 days, greenhouses are produced in greenhouses, such as cyclamen, carnation and geranium. And so on; the last is the high-temperature greenhouse flowers out of the house, such as changing the wood, tube pineapple, tropical blue and so on. When entering the house, the order is the opposite of the former.
2 Hygienic cleaning and pest control After the flowers are released from the house and into the house, due to the difference in the climate inside and outside the greenhouse, the resistance of the flowers will be reduced and the diseases and insect pests will be easily infected. The pest control work needs to be strengthened. At this time, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the greenhouse and the outside of the arbours, leaving no rotten leaves. After spraying, disinfection and disinfection should be promptly sprayed. Commonly used fungicides are 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 to 1000 times. In addition, the use of 30% chlorothalonil and high-efficiency composite smoke agents for fumigation after entering the house was also effective. The higher temperature within a week of entering the house also easily causes the occurrence of greenhouse whitefly and aphids. According to the specific conditions at that time, it should spray 40% omethoate 500-1000 times or 5% deltamethrin 800-times. 1000 times liquid.
3 Temperature adaptive exercise In the process of greenhouses getting out of the house and entering the house, temperature is the main climatic factor that determines whether the flower can be overextended. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the greenhouse flowers to the temperature. In the process of getting out of the house, ventilation and cooling should be done 15 to 20 days in advance. A small number of windows should be opened at the beginning, opened during the day and closed at night. Then gradually increase the number of windows and ventilation time, until the ventilation window in the greenhouse is fully open, day and night is not off. The ventilation windows of the greenhouse shall be fully open when entering the house. When the outside temperature gradually decreases, the number of closed ventilation windows will increase until they are all closed.
4 Water Management Air humidity inside and outside the greenhouse varies greatly. Before going out of the house, it should be irrigated; immediately after removing it, it should be watered 1 time, and spray water on the arbours and flower racks to increase the air humidity. On the contrary, don't water it 1 day before entering the house and water it 1 day after entering the house to avoid increasing the air humidity in the greenhouse and causing the epidemic of the disease.
5 Fertilizer management Greenhouse flowers should be combined with a change basin when they are out of the house, replace the nutrient soil in time, increase the basal fertilizer, and cut off some old roots, dried roots, and diseased roots. The application of basal fertilizer should be based on well-prepared chicken manure and oil slag, and appropriate amounts of compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content should be added. After entering the house, it should be applied to the soil - some compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for foliar spray fertilizer, which can improve the photosynthetic efficiency and enhance the resistance of the leaves.
6 Potted flowers placed in the greenhouse After the room is out of the house, it is generally put in the shed for conservation. The shade net covering the transmittance of 50% to 70% is better. Some native tropical cactus plants do not need to be out of the house, shade-tolerant flowers can be placed in the middle of the arbours, and some sunny flowers are placed on the southern edge of the shed. After the flowers enter the house, the flowers in the high-temperature greenhouse are placed in the middle of the higher temperature, and some low-temperature greenhouse flowers are placed in the edge of the greenhouse. At the same time, it should be noted that the greenhouse flowers should not shade each other.
Author: Jining Agricultural School, Shandong Province, Horticulture Teaching and Research Group
1 Time of exiting and entering the house Generally speaking, after the late spring frost, the lowest temperature at night is greater than 5°C, you can consider leaving the house; in the autumn frost is approaching, the minimum temperature at night is less than 5°C, you must enter the house. Taking Shandong as an example, the flowers leave the house around April 20, and the flowers enter the house around October 24; in Beijing, the phenology period is about 8 to 10 days later than Shandong, and the corresponding exit and entry time should also be 8 to 10 days in the evening; the Yangtze River Valley is about 8 to 10 days ahead of schedule. The specific time of getting out and entering the house must be determined based on the weather forecast at that time. The phenology period is not constant, and the difference sometimes varies from 7 to 10 days. Therefore, the specific exit and entry time It is also necessary to be flexible according to the phenology period at that time.
Low-temperature greenhouse flowers come out earlier when they leave the house, such as Primula, Camellia, cineraria, Admiralty, and a leaf blue; after 4 to 5 days, greenhouses are produced in greenhouses, such as cyclamen, carnation and geranium. And so on; the last is the high-temperature greenhouse flowers out of the house, such as changing the wood, tube pineapple, tropical blue and so on. When entering the house, the order is the opposite of the former.
2 Hygienic cleaning and pest control After the flowers are released from the house and into the house, due to the difference in the climate inside and outside the greenhouse, the resistance of the flowers will be reduced and the diseases and insect pests will be easily infected. The pest control work needs to be strengthened. At this time, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the greenhouse and the outside of the arbours, leaving no rotten leaves. After spraying, disinfection and disinfection should be promptly sprayed. Commonly used fungicides are 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 to 1000 times. In addition, the use of 30% chlorothalonil and high-efficiency composite smoke agents for fumigation after entering the house was also effective. The higher temperature within a week of entering the house also easily causes the occurrence of greenhouse whitefly and aphids. According to the specific conditions at that time, it should spray 40% omethoate 500-1000 times or 5% deltamethrin 800-times. 1000 times liquid.
3 Temperature adaptive exercise In the process of greenhouses getting out of the house and entering the house, temperature is the main climatic factor that determines whether the flower can be overextended. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the greenhouse flowers to the temperature. In the process of getting out of the house, ventilation and cooling should be done 15 to 20 days in advance. A small number of windows should be opened at the beginning, opened during the day and closed at night. Then gradually increase the number of windows and ventilation time, until the ventilation window in the greenhouse is fully open, day and night is not off. The ventilation windows of the greenhouse shall be fully open when entering the house. When the outside temperature gradually decreases, the number of closed ventilation windows will increase until they are all closed.
4 Water Management Air humidity inside and outside the greenhouse varies greatly. Before going out of the house, it should be irrigated; immediately after removing it, it should be watered 1 time, and spray water on the arbours and flower racks to increase the air humidity. On the contrary, don't water it 1 day before entering the house and water it 1 day after entering the house to avoid increasing the air humidity in the greenhouse and causing the epidemic of the disease.
5 Fertilizer management Greenhouse flowers should be combined with a change basin when they are out of the house, replace the nutrient soil in time, increase the basal fertilizer, and cut off some old roots, dried roots, and diseased roots. The application of basal fertilizer should be based on well-prepared chicken manure and oil slag, and appropriate amounts of compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content should be added. After entering the house, it should be applied to the soil - some compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for foliar spray fertilizer, which can improve the photosynthetic efficiency and enhance the resistance of the leaves.
6 Potted flowers placed in the greenhouse After the room is out of the house, it is generally put in the shed for conservation. The shade net covering the transmittance of 50% to 70% is better. Some native tropical cactus plants do not need to be out of the house, shade-tolerant flowers can be placed in the middle of the arbours, and some sunny flowers are placed on the southern edge of the shed. After the flowers enter the house, the flowers in the high-temperature greenhouse are placed in the middle of the higher temperature, and some low-temperature greenhouse flowers are placed in the edge of the greenhouse. At the same time, it should be noted that the greenhouse flowers should not shade each other.
Author: Jining Agricultural School, Shandong Province, Horticulture Teaching and Research Group
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