Lilies are native to East Asia and cultivated in Europe and America as flowers. China collects bulbs as food crops. Lily species are few, but the damage is serious, and the serious disease year loss rate reaches 30% to 60%. In order to do a good job of prevention and control of lily pests, we conducted preliminary surveys of species, chemical control tests, and inspections of comprehensive prevention and control measures for major pests and diseases of lily in Shaodong in 1993 and 1998, laying the foundation for the prevention and control of lily pests in large areas.
1. Lily major pest species
1.1 Lily Botrytis (Botrytis elliptica Cooke)
Commonly known as lily leaf blight. The main damage leaves, but also infect stems, flowers, buds and bulbs. The lesions on the leaf were round or elliptical, yellow-brown or reddish-brown, and the center of the lesion was light yellow or light brown with purple or reddish edges. When the weather is wet, the diseased part has a gray moldy layer; when it is dry, the lesions become thin and brittle, translucent, and light gray. After the lesions expand, the leaves die. Buds and flower damage, like boiling water scald, turn brown after rot. Stem victim, resulting in light brown ulcers, easily windy. Infestation of young plants causes death at the growing point. Bulbs are sometimes infested and can rot bulbs.
Liliaceous Botrytis cinerea mainly uses sclerotinia to overcome the adverse environment. In the spring, conidia are produced by sclerotia, and it is quickly transmitted through wind and rain in the fields. It begins in early May and is prosperous from late May to late June. During this period, the temperature is high. If it encounters long-term rain, the disease will accelerate. Long-term rain and thunderstorms can promote disease. The application of unripe organic fertilizer; too much nitrogen fertilizer, too late; low waterlogging, are conducive to disease.
1.2 Lily Blight [Phytophthoracactorum (Leb.etCohn)Schrot]
Commonly known as foot rot. Near the surface of the stem, the diseased part of the disease appears water-spotted lesions, browning and contracting, the upper part of the plant withered, and often fallen to death. The bulbs suffer from germination and the tips of the tender stems die. The bulbs are susceptible to disease, with small, oily, spot-like spots that gradually grow into taupe soft rot. The leaves and flowers are infested, and their oil-grown dots grow gradually and turn grayish green. A layer of white mold on the lesion when wet.
Lily blight is mainly caused by oospore in winter in the soil. From the onset of onset of emergence, a large number of symptoms appear on the ground above and mid-May. Unfermented organic fertilizers were applied, and low-lying water was accumulated. The weather was moist and rainy. Pests were harmful to the bulbs. Severe illness is serious.
1.3 Lily anthracnose (Colletotrichumliliaecearum Ferr.) is mainly responsible for damage to bulbs, but also infects leaves and flowers. After the bulb became infected, irregular shaped, light brown patches appeared in the early stage, followed by light dark brown and slightly sunken. Finally, the lesions were nearly black, and the tissues contracted to dry rot. The outer bulbs suffered the most and gradually expanded to the inner layer. Leaves suffer damage, resulting in oval, yellowish lesions, dark brown edges, slightly concave. Lily anthracnose pathogens use hyphae to overwinter in affected areas, and conidia are produced in the following year. Soils with heavy clays and large amounts of water; lands with many lilies and pods; plants grown year after year, and the number of sick and sick bodies are heavy.
1.4 Lily Symptomless virus
Common lily virus diseases are yellow-wilted and mosaic type. Yellow wilt: no special lesions on the leaves, the whole plant with yellow, internode shortening, plant dwarfing, leaves yellow, atrophy. Mosaic type: Irregular pale green mottles appear on the leaves, and then a small light-colored part of the connection expands, forming a thin yellow stripe along the veins, slightly sag afterwards, and turns yellowish-brown to auburn.
The virus was mainly wintered in bulbs and became the source of infection in the second year; field re-infestation was mainly caused by aphid transmission. In the case of many diseased bulbs, dry weather, and a large number of locusts, the disease is severe.
1.5 Lily 螨 [Rhizoglyphusechinopus (Fumouzeet Robin)]
Also known as prostitution. Lily bulbs are eaten and spread germs, causing lily rot. Lily carcass is oval in shape, thicker in body, white or yellowish, and carcass and feet are light brown, and the body surface is smooth and shiny. Lily bulbs live in a cool and humid environment. It takes about 10 to 14 days to complete one generation, and more than 20 generations can occur in one year. Wintering in the lily core or soil with eggs and clams. In the middle and early April, there are a large number of occurrences of fleas after wintering. Females lay their eggs on lily bulbs. The larvae were clustered on a lily bulb and sieved, leaving the victim’s aerial parts dead and the bulbs and roots rotted dark brown.
2. Control measures
1) The rotation is changed for 3a. When planting a lily with a slope, it is necessary to grow from bottom to top to reduce the spread of germs.
2) Use disease-free, alfalfa and non-mechanical injury bulbs as seeds to reduce bacteria and mange sources.
3) Burn dead litter and pests in the field and reduce the source of pests and diseases. The organic fertilizer is applied to the lower layer of the soil after being fermented by heaping.
4) Deep ditch sorghum, drainage ditch, control of soil moisture content.
5) Soaking and disinfecting. Before sowing, use 20% broom net wettable powder 4000 times liquid plus 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid impregnate bulb for 3~5min (temperature above 30°C, time shortened to 3min), sterilization and sterilization .
6) Chemical control of Datian. According to tests and inspections, Datian Pharmaceuticals has been focusing on prevention and treatment, focusing on prevention and prevention, and it has been used for many times. 1 When planting, use a 10% Phosphate granule with 50% 2% dexamethasone WP or 0.5% thiophanate-methyl WP 0.5 kg per 667m2 to make the soil and apply it to the sowing ditch. Sow and cover soil. In the first half of 24 months, use 20% broom WP 30000 dilution liquid or 40% chloridophos EC 1/500 dilution plus 5% bacteriostatic water 300 times or add 50% dexconon. Wet powder 700 times dripping. The dripping should be carried out on a sunny or cloudy day when there is no accumulation of water in the soil. Before loosening, it is necessary to loosen the topsoil. Otherwise, the effect is poor and the normal growth of the lily is affected. 2~3 times, every 15~20d. 3 spraying protection from the emergence of Lily, spraying 15 days or so, continuous 6 to 7 times (including 2 spraying), spray, shower alternating. In addition to the 2 agents, it also used 50% mancozeb WP 700 times; 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 700 times.
1. Lily major pest species
1.1 Lily Botrytis (Botrytis elliptica Cooke)
Commonly known as lily leaf blight. The main damage leaves, but also infect stems, flowers, buds and bulbs. The lesions on the leaf were round or elliptical, yellow-brown or reddish-brown, and the center of the lesion was light yellow or light brown with purple or reddish edges. When the weather is wet, the diseased part has a gray moldy layer; when it is dry, the lesions become thin and brittle, translucent, and light gray. After the lesions expand, the leaves die. Buds and flower damage, like boiling water scald, turn brown after rot. Stem victim, resulting in light brown ulcers, easily windy. Infestation of young plants causes death at the growing point. Bulbs are sometimes infested and can rot bulbs.
Liliaceous Botrytis cinerea mainly uses sclerotinia to overcome the adverse environment. In the spring, conidia are produced by sclerotia, and it is quickly transmitted through wind and rain in the fields. It begins in early May and is prosperous from late May to late June. During this period, the temperature is high. If it encounters long-term rain, the disease will accelerate. Long-term rain and thunderstorms can promote disease. The application of unripe organic fertilizer; too much nitrogen fertilizer, too late; low waterlogging, are conducive to disease.
1.2 Lily Blight [Phytophthoracactorum (Leb.etCohn)Schrot]
Commonly known as foot rot. Near the surface of the stem, the diseased part of the disease appears water-spotted lesions, browning and contracting, the upper part of the plant withered, and often fallen to death. The bulbs suffer from germination and the tips of the tender stems die. The bulbs are susceptible to disease, with small, oily, spot-like spots that gradually grow into taupe soft rot. The leaves and flowers are infested, and their oil-grown dots grow gradually and turn grayish green. A layer of white mold on the lesion when wet.
Lily blight is mainly caused by oospore in winter in the soil. From the onset of onset of emergence, a large number of symptoms appear on the ground above and mid-May. Unfermented organic fertilizers were applied, and low-lying water was accumulated. The weather was moist and rainy. Pests were harmful to the bulbs. Severe illness is serious.
1.3 Lily anthracnose (Colletotrichumliliaecearum Ferr.) is mainly responsible for damage to bulbs, but also infects leaves and flowers. After the bulb became infected, irregular shaped, light brown patches appeared in the early stage, followed by light dark brown and slightly sunken. Finally, the lesions were nearly black, and the tissues contracted to dry rot. The outer bulbs suffered the most and gradually expanded to the inner layer. Leaves suffer damage, resulting in oval, yellowish lesions, dark brown edges, slightly concave. Lily anthracnose pathogens use hyphae to overwinter in affected areas, and conidia are produced in the following year. Soils with heavy clays and large amounts of water; lands with many lilies and pods; plants grown year after year, and the number of sick and sick bodies are heavy.
1.4 Lily Symptomless virus
Common lily virus diseases are yellow-wilted and mosaic type. Yellow wilt: no special lesions on the leaves, the whole plant with yellow, internode shortening, plant dwarfing, leaves yellow, atrophy. Mosaic type: Irregular pale green mottles appear on the leaves, and then a small light-colored part of the connection expands, forming a thin yellow stripe along the veins, slightly sag afterwards, and turns yellowish-brown to auburn.
The virus was mainly wintered in bulbs and became the source of infection in the second year; field re-infestation was mainly caused by aphid transmission. In the case of many diseased bulbs, dry weather, and a large number of locusts, the disease is severe.
1.5 Lily 螨 [Rhizoglyphusechinopus (Fumouzeet Robin)]
Also known as prostitution. Lily bulbs are eaten and spread germs, causing lily rot. Lily carcass is oval in shape, thicker in body, white or yellowish, and carcass and feet are light brown, and the body surface is smooth and shiny. Lily bulbs live in a cool and humid environment. It takes about 10 to 14 days to complete one generation, and more than 20 generations can occur in one year. Wintering in the lily core or soil with eggs and clams. In the middle and early April, there are a large number of occurrences of fleas after wintering. Females lay their eggs on lily bulbs. The larvae were clustered on a lily bulb and sieved, leaving the victim’s aerial parts dead and the bulbs and roots rotted dark brown.
2. Control measures
1) The rotation is changed for 3a. When planting a lily with a slope, it is necessary to grow from bottom to top to reduce the spread of germs.
2) Use disease-free, alfalfa and non-mechanical injury bulbs as seeds to reduce bacteria and mange sources.
3) Burn dead litter and pests in the field and reduce the source of pests and diseases. The organic fertilizer is applied to the lower layer of the soil after being fermented by heaping.
4) Deep ditch sorghum, drainage ditch, control of soil moisture content.
5) Soaking and disinfecting. Before sowing, use 20% broom net wettable powder 4000 times liquid plus 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid impregnate bulb for 3~5min (temperature above 30°C, time shortened to 3min), sterilization and sterilization .
6) Chemical control of Datian. According to tests and inspections, Datian Pharmaceuticals has been focusing on prevention and treatment, focusing on prevention and prevention, and it has been used for many times. 1 When planting, use a 10% Phosphate granule with 50% 2% dexamethasone WP or 0.5% thiophanate-methyl WP 0.5 kg per 667m2 to make the soil and apply it to the sowing ditch. Sow and cover soil. In the first half of 24 months, use 20% broom WP 30000 dilution liquid or 40% chloridophos EC 1/500 dilution plus 5% bacteriostatic water 300 times or add 50% dexconon. Wet powder 700 times dripping. The dripping should be carried out on a sunny or cloudy day when there is no accumulation of water in the soil. Before loosening, it is necessary to loosen the topsoil. Otherwise, the effect is poor and the normal growth of the lily is affected. 2~3 times, every 15~20d. 3 spraying protection from the emergence of Lily, spraying 15 days or so, continuous 6 to 7 times (including 2 spraying), spray, shower alternating. In addition to the 2 agents, it also used 50% mancozeb WP 700 times; 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 700 times.
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