Edible fungus is rich in various essential amino acids, vitamins and fungal polysaccharides. It is a high-protein, low-fat health food that has both food value and medicinal value, and has great market potential. In recent years, bulk mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, and mushrooms have been unable to meet people's needs. Rare varieties such as Pleurotus eryngii, Agrocybe aegerita are more popular with consumers. Here is a brief introduction of their cultivation methods for the reference of farmers.
Pleurotus eryngii
Also known as the earrings of erythrina, Xuerong is a precious mushroom that has been introduced into cultivation in China in recent years. The mushroom meat is hypertrophic, and the stipe and cap of the mushroom are crisp and delicious. It is called "King mushroom".
1. Cultivation season
Pleurotus eryngii is a medium-low temperature mushroom that produces two seasons a year. It produces mushrooms in spring and autumn, that is, in January-February or August-September, it produces fungus bags, February-April or September- December fruiting.
2. Fungus bag making
(1) Culture formulation and preparation. Formula One: 73% of mixed wood chips, 25% of bran, 1% of lime, 1% of gypsum, and 60%-65 of water content. Formulation II: 88% cottonseed hull, 10% bran, 1% lime, 1% plaster, and 60%-65% moisture content. The ingredients are mixed and mixed to make a culture material.
(2) Bagging, sterilization, inoculation, and culture. The culture material was packed into a bacterial bag (22 cm and 45 cm in size) as required and sealed in an sterilized pot for sterilization. First, make the temperature in the pot rise to 100 degrees Celsius with a fierce fire to start timing. After 8 hours -12 hours, stuffy stuff for 4 hours - 5 hours, then take out the material bag. When the bag is cooled to room temperature, it is placed in a sterilized inoculation box (chamber) and the inoculation volume is 5%-10%. The inoculated bag is sent to the sterilized culture room and the room temperature should be controlled between 20 degrees Celsius and 25 degrees Celsius. About 30 days, mycelium can fill the bag, and then move to the mushroom room and mushroom. The training room requires darkness, ventilation, and no humidity.
3. Sacksuck mushrooms
Set up the cultivation frame in the mushroom room, stack the cultivated bacteria bags horizontally on the shelf or on the ground. When the temperature drops to 10 degrees Celsius to 18 degrees Celsius, sprinkle water on the ground to increase the humidity in the mushroom house. The light scattering from the mushroom room is strong and the light is bright.
4. Mushroom management
(1) Temperature control. Pleurotus eryngii fruit body is formed and grown in a narrow temperature range and is extremely sensitive to temperature. The most suitable mushrooming temperature is 15 degrees Celsius to 17 degrees Celsius and should be strictly controlled.
(2) humidity adjustment. During the growth of the fruiting bodies, the humidity in the mushroom house is lower than that in the early stage, and it should be maintained at about 85%. When moisturizing, mainly water the ground. Never spray water on fruit bodies and on the mouth of the bag.
(3) Light management. Keep the light in the mushroom house bright, and the scattered light is strong (no direct sunlight).
(4) ventilation. Open the window (window) twice a day - 3 times, about half an hour each time.
5. Harvest
It takes about 10 days from the formation of the primordium to harvesting, and it is harvested when the diameter of the cap of the fruiting body reaches 4 cm to 6 cm (eight caps apart). After harvesting, a paper seal was placed on the mouth of the bag to stop the spraying of water. After about 5 days, the water was sprayed to increase the humidity to induce the growth of the second mushroom.
The production of Pleurotus eryngii is mainly concentrated in the first crop. The weight of each mushroom can reach 600 grams, and the average yield per bag can reach 500 grams. After the second meal, the amount of mushrooms dropped.
Agrocybe
Also known as tea mushroom, tea mushroom. Because it grows on dry old trees or stumps, it is extremely precious, and it is a new variety that has been popularized and applied in recent years.
1. Cultivation season
Agrocybe is a moderate-temperature type fungus, suitable for cultivation of mushrooms in spring and autumn. January - March or August - September production of bacteria bags, April - July or September - November mushroom.
2. Fungus bag making
(1) Culture formulation and preparation. The main raw materials are cottonseed husks, broad-leaved sawdust, or wooden loose wood such as tung, willow, poplar and other wood chips. Adding tea husk powder in the culture medium has a good effect on promoting mycelial growth and increasing yield. Formulation 1: wood chips 40%, cottonseed hulls 38%, bran 20, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%, water content 65. Formulation 2: wood chips 65%, fine rice bran or bran 18%, tea husk powder 15%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, water content 65%.
(2) Bagging, sterilizing, inoculating and cultivating (operation method is the same as that of Pleurotus eryngii).
Agrocybe aegerita often uses upright discharge bacteria bags. Therefore, the plastic bag filled with the material should not be too large, preferably (15 cm to 17 cm) 35 cm.
3. Mushroom management
(1) Bags of shuck mushrooms. The bacteria bags are discharged upright on the bed frame or on the ground, and are irradiated with scattered light and ventilated to induce the formation of fruit body primordia.
(2) Fruit body growth and development management. Remove the sealing paper and collar, straighten the plastic bag into a tube, and then cover the newspaper (or plastic film) to moisten the mushrooms. Spray water once or twice a day (keeping the ground moist and newspapers moist), give light, induce primordia formation. When the mushroom bud grows close to the newspaper, remove the newspaper for temperature regulation, moisturization, ventilation and light management (temperature control between 16 degrees Celsius and 24 degrees Celsius). Keep the relative humidity of the air within the range of 85% - 90%, moisturize by spraying water (do not spray water into the bag, so as not to cause rotten mushrooms). Sunny water spray once a day - 2 times, cloudy or rainy days, little or no spray, while strengthening the ventilation. When the fruiting body grows to 4 cm to 5 cm, the amount of ventilation is appropriately reduced, and the growth of the stipe is accelerated, and the expansion of the cap is inhibited. In addition, keep scattered light inside the mushroom house.
4. Harvest
10-15 days after the formation of mushroom buds can be harvested. After harvesting the first oyster mushroom, the culture material surface is leveled and covered with a newspaper (or plastic film) to continue spraying water. After 7 days to 10 days, another mushroom can be grown. Generally, three or four centipedes can be harvested. If the second oyster mushroom is harvested and transferred to a bag-house buried soil for cultivation, supplementing the moisture in the bacterium can increase the yield. Generally, the output per bag can reach 200-300 grams.
Author: Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Edible Fungus Development Research Center
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