At present, the autumn harvest and planting season is approaching again, and the peak season for the use of chemical fertilizers is approaching. Then, how farmers friends should rationally use compound fertilizers becomes particularly important. Do not make the following seven mistakes:
Wrong one: only apply compound fertilizer, not organic fertilizer
Some people think that compound fertilizer is more powerful than organic fertilizer, and the price of fruit is low. In order to reduce investment, only compound fertilizer or urea is used instead of organic fertilizer. If basal fertilizer is applied in autumn in successive years, it will cause soil compaction, poor ventilation, and high nitrogen content in the soil, which will inhibit the absorption of other elements by the root system, such as zinc-deficient leaflets, calcium-deficient fruits with many black spots, magnesium-deficient yellow leaves, and fertilizer The utilization rate is only 25%~30%, and the tree body is weak and prosperous and the autumn shoots are long, which cannot reach 1 year, 2 years of flowers, and 3 years of results.
Moreover, single application of nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer is not only prone to nutrient deficiency, but also the tree body resistance decreases and the rot disease is serious. The soil contains too much nitrogen, the fruit is difficult to color, the sugar content is low, the hardness decreases, and it is intolerant to storage. In the case of over-production, the fruit is not red, and it is not sweet to eat. Don't say how much money is sold per catty, I am afraid that no merchants want it.
The effect of only applying large fertilizers is temporary. Sometimes after applying large fertilizers, the absorption and utilization of fruit trees is not as much as watering and loss. Only applying large fertilizers, the prosperous early stage will not stop growing, the middle and late stage will be boring early.
However, when applying base fertilizer in autumn, use organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by compound fertilizer. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer provides quick and slow-acting complementary short and long. It can not only change the soil permeability, but also meet the nutrient requirements of high fruit yields, and improve Large fertilizer utilization rate. Organic fertilizers are nutritious, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various middle and trace elements, but the content is low, which is far from meeting the demand for high yield of fruit trees. This is why calcium, magnesium and boron sulfate are added.
Organic fertilizer is mainly used, and the soil is weak (loose), because the roots of fruit trees also need to breathe. When breathing is strong, new roots are grown and the ability to absorb water and fertilizer is strong. Microbial activities also need to breathe. When breathing is strong, it has a strong ability to decompose and release effective nutrients. The soil is deficient (loose), has good air permeability and water retention, the contradiction between water and air in the soil is small, and the activities of roots and microorganisms are vigorous. In addition, the soil is weak (loose), the soil temperature rises quickly in spring, the temperature is not too high in summer, the soil temperature falls slowly in autumn, and the frozen soil layer is relatively shallow in winter. These are conducive to root growth and absorption.
Applying more organic fertilizers, thick soil and deep roots are not only good for resisting bad conditions, but also good for stable absorption activities. For example, the increase in surface soil temperature in summer, generally exceeding 30°C, will affect the growth and absorption of roots, and higher temperatures will damage the root system. In winter, the surface of the soil freezes, the root absorption of the frozen soil layer stops, and the ground continues to lose water by transpiration. If more organic fertilizers are applied, the roots will be deeply rooted. The high temperature of the topsoil in summer only limits the absorption of the surface roots. The temperature of the lower root system is suitable. It will continue to grow and absorb water and fertilizer. The freezing of the topsoil in winter will only affect the upper root system. The lower layer is warm and the root system will absorb water as usual. Absorb fat. The surface soil temperature rises rapidly in spring, and the surface layer “work†first. In spring and summer, when the surface layer is dry, the surface layer is short of water, and the lower layer has more water, which can be absorbed by the roots. In autumn, the surface soil temperature drops and the lower layer roots continue to “workâ€. In this way, the surface roots and deep roots alternately move, the root system grows and absorbs for a long time, and the total absorption capacity is strong. It is resistant to drought and flooding, frost and heat. Although the climate is changeable, the fruit trees have stable functions, normal absorption, and water supply. Continuously, creating conditions for the growth and results of the above ground.
In short, organic fertilizers are the mainstay and compound fertilizers are supplemented. In order to continuously improve soil organic matter, increase fertility, root growth and absorption, stable water and fertilizer supply, and complete nutrient types, it will not be "hungry, full", or "Partially eat one kind, nutritional insufficiency".
Wrong 2: Only apply organic fertilizer, not compound fertilizer
Some people think that organic fertilizer is good and only use organic fertilizer, whether it is farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer, although it is full of nutrients, it is low in content and cannot meet the nutritional needs of high fruit trees. It must be combined with compound fertilizer. Although organic fertilizer has complete nutrition and can supply nutrients for up to 1 year, organic fertilizer mainly improves soil, increases soil organic matter, improves soil permeability, changes the soil water, fertilizer, air, and thermal environment, and creates a way for root growth. Good condition.
Therefore, organic fertilizer should be used as the mainstay. According to the tree's vigor and weakness, the number of flower buds on the tree, an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer is better. Only use organic fertilizer, and the tree will weaken faster. Of course, if the Wangshu has no fruit, you can use only organic fertilizer instead of compound fertilizer.
Mistake 3: Sprinkle fertilizer directly in the dug trench
During production, it was discovered that many people directly sprinkled fertilizer on the bottom of the dug fertilization ditch. The consequence was that the fertilization was too concentrated and it was easy to burn the roots. If you dig a trench 1.2 feet deep, there is no fertilizer for more than 1 foot, and about 6 inches deep is the dense root area, but it is in a "starvation state", and the main function of organic fertilizer is to loosen the soil and increase soil permeability. You spread fertilizer in the trench At the bottom, the top 1 foot of soil has no organic fertilizer and cannot improve the soil. When someone digs the fertilization ditch, they only dig 1 milling width and 1 milling depth, which is equal to 20 cm wide and 25 cm deep. The fertilization ditch is a bit narrow and shallow.
The correct method is: dig 2 milling width (40 cm), 1 milling half deep (40 cm). Sprinkle all kinds of fertilizers on the dug out virtual soil, then stir it evenly, and then backfill it into the ditch. With this method, all the roots in the fertilization ditch can eat the fertilizer, and you are not afraid of burning the roots, and the depth is 40 cm. The soil can be improved.
Wrong 4: One size fits all fertilization
The weak tree is pushed to the end, and the prosperous tree is controlled to the end. Some people apply fertilizer across the board, and apply as much as a tree. The consequence is that the weak tree will not have enough to eat, but if it is still weak, the prosperous tree will be more prosperous.
The correct approach is: in every orchard, there are prosperous trees, weak trees, and moderate trees.
For Zhongyong trees, you can dig a trench on each side of a row of trees. It means that a tree is fertilized on two sides without digging trenches or fertilizing between the trees.
Not only do we need to fertilize the weak trees between rows, but we should also dig trenches between the two trees to fertilize the weak trees. Weak trees use more fertilizers than moderate trees, and the trees are not weak.
Dig a ditch between the rows for the Wang trees, apply only organic fertilizer, not compound fertilizer. Using this method for the Wang trees will not only reduce the investment, but the Wang trees will also quickly weaken, because the Wang trees are all too strong roots. , "Compound fertilizer is strong" and "organic fertilizer is small".
Wrong five: incorrect fertilization site
Some people dig the fertilization ditch in the tree canopy, while others save trouble and only dig a ditch between the two rows of trees. The fertilization ditch is too far from the tops of the two rows of trees. There are also people who do not dig trenches for fertilization in autumn. Sprinkle the fertilizer on the ground and hit them once with a handcart. This method of fertilization is fast and labor-saving. However, it has its shortcomings. Some people dig too narrow and shallow ditch for fertilization. Incorrect.
The correct fertilization position is: vertically below the crown of the crown, because this part absorbs the most roots. The closer to the main pole, the thicker the roots and no absorption function. It is too far away from the crown of the tree, no roots are absorbed, and fertilization is not strong enough. Spreading fertilizer on the ground surface, hitting the ground with a handcart, and digging the fertilization trench shallowly, will make the root system shallower and shallower, and will not tolerate drought. Dig the fertilization ditch to 1 milling width. If fertilization is too concentrated, it may burn the roots and it is not conducive to root extension.
Wrong six: Weak trees are fertilized under the canopy
First of all, weak trees have weak roots. Weak trees hardly grow new roots every year. The length of roots of weak trees is smaller than the crown tip. Many people still dig the fertilization ditch under the crown tip because there is no root in the fertilization ditch, or old roots for many years. The ability to absorb fertilizer is poor, and the effect of fertilization is also poor. Weak trees must be cut off when fertilizing.
The correct method of fertilizing weak trees: If the main branch is 3 meters long, dig a trench 2 meters away from the main pole, if there is no root, dig in; if there is a root, shorten the root back. Shorten the transport line of the roots, promote the growth of new roots from the wound, and increase the absorption function of the roots. Only when the roots flourish, the tree can flourish.
Wrong seven: fertilizing fixed parts
Most people dig trenches and fertilize vertically under the canopy between the rows every year. The fertilization trenches are dug and filled every year, and they will be dug again in this part next year. This has been the case for many years, but the roots in the middle and other parts of the two trees are Can't eat fat, stay in a state of "hunger" year after year, and only half of the roots of a tree absorb nutrients every year.
Correct method: you can use strip fertilization method, that is, dig trenches between rows this year and dig trenches between plants next year; you can also use radial fertilization method, that is, a tree with the main pole as the center outward, dig 4-6 Ditch, shallow inside and deep outside. With the above fertilization methods, roots in different places can eat fertilizer.
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