The pace of technological advancement should be tailored to the specific conditions of the soil, surface characteristics, water levels in ponds, energy consumption capabilities, and agronomic needs of each region to ensure optimal operational efficiency and productivity of machinery and tools. Currently, there are six Dongfeng-12 walking tractors equipped with six forward gears, offering speeds ranging from 1.4 to 15.3 kilometers per hour. This article introduces the method for selecting field operation speeds.
First, the choice of plowing speed. Plowing must meet the requirements of no re-cultivation, no clumping, no skipping, and deep tillage to comply with agronomic standards. When using the ILS-220 one-way double-disc plow with a hand tractor, the forward speed should be set to the III-IV gear during plowing.
Second, the selection of rotary tiller speed. For rotary tilling, the goal is to break up dry land soil finely, leaving a smooth surface with an appropriate soil porosity, while in paddy fields, the mud should be soft and conducive to rice transplantation. A hand tractor paired with a rotary tiller should select I-II gear for dryland operations, with a low-speed rotor rotation of 188 revolutions per minute. For paddy fields, II-III gear is recommended, with a high-speed rotor rotation of 240 revolutions per minute.
Third, the selection of seeding speed focuses on consistent seeding depth, even distribution without overlaps or gaps, and proper seed coverage without damage. The 2BC-6A mini-drill machine paired with a hand tractor performs excellently, completing multiple processes at once. When the soil moisture is below 20%, a speed of II-III is suggested; above 30%, a speed of II is preferred. Generally, I-II gear is chosen.
Fourth, the selection of trenching speed applies to field drainage in wheat and cotton fields. Trenching requires precise dimensions, smooth walls, and straight, clear channels. Using the hand-deployed IKSQ(H)-35A compact disc trencher, when the soil is loose and shallow, a speed of II (1125 meters per hour) can be selected; otherwise, I (625 meters per hour) is recommended.
Fifth, the selection of parallel speed refers to the row trenches dug for wheat transplantation. Deep grooves and stable row spacing are essential. With the hand-deployed IKMP-2 cotton seedling transplanter, forward speed II is recommended.
Sixth, the selection of harvesting speed emphasizes minimal losses, cutting close to the ground (5 to 6 cm), and orderly placement of harvested crops. For hand-mounted 4GL-130 harvesters, IV speed is suitable under ideal conditions such as a flat surface, normal soil moisture, dense crops, few weeds, and no lodging. Otherwise, III speed is preferred.
Seventh, the selection of seeding speed after artificial wheat preparation aims to prevent dew, deep, or clustered seeds. The hand-seeded IG-120 cover-seeder ensures uncovered seeds, uniform depth, and even grain distribution. Common speeds range from II to IV.
Eighth, the selection of paddy field speed pertains to the leveling operation before rice planting or throwing. A flat field surface, clean debris, and soft mud are desired. The hand-operated M-74 tractor diverter for paddy field formation suggests III-IV forward speed.
Ninth, the selection of straw returning speed focuses on efficient chopping and embedding. Chopped straw should measure 10-15 cm, embedded at least 2.5 cm deep, with no floating or exposed issues. Typically, I-II speed is chosen, but I is more commonly used in practice.
In conclusion, the selection of operation speeds must consider multiple factors to optimize efficiency and productivity across various agricultural tasks.
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