苜蓿 Brown spot: After onset, leaf loss is mainly caused, which can reduce the yield of alfalfa hay by 11%%~29%%. The lesions are brown on the leaves and are nearly round dots. High humidity is the cause of the disease. Generally, when the rain is high in June and July, it is a high incidence period of this disease. Drug control 70% of mancozeb 600 times, 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times, and 50% carbendazim WP 1000 to 1500 times.
Rhizoctonia rust: after onset, leaves chlorosis, shrinkage, and early defoliation, 30%% ~ 60%% reduction in output, palatability decreased, and even cause poisoning. The disease mainly damages the leaves, petioles, and stems, and small round, sickle-like lesions appear below the leaves. It was grayish green at first and rust-colored powder later. The prevention and control methods are: first, field incineration in winter; second, drug control, 10-15 g per mu for mango-manganese zinc, 30 g/mu for oxidizing rust and rust, 50 g/mu for chlorothalonil, and 15% for triadimefon 1000. Double liquid spray.
Ryegrass crown rust: The number of tillers and root growth of the diseased plants decreased significantly, and the amount of dead leaves increased. The bacteria mainly harmed the leaves, and the initial lesions were pale yellow dots and gradually turned orange-brown and knobby. In the later period, the spore pile breaks through the epidermis, revealing orange powdered uredia spores. The climate is suitable for the occurrence of this disease. Drug control use 25%% triadimefon or 25%% triadimenol wettable powder, 30 to 50 grams per mu, spray 1500 kg of water, spray again at intervals of 15 days.
Chicory rot core disease: The core of the plant rots after onset, and then the whole tree dies and the loss is large. The disease mainly occurs in rainy seasons or low-lying areas. Prevention and control methods, first, do not plant chicory in low-lying; Second, pay attention to drainage; Third, drug control. Drug control Use carbendazim 500 times solution or mancozeb 500 times solution to spray or pour the soil.
Fusarium head blight of grasses: The disease usually occurs in the area south of the Huaihe River. The suitable temperature for the disease is 24°C~28°C, and the relative humidity is 80%~100%. Gibberella can reduce the amount of forage grass, but also make people and livestock poisoning, the symptoms are fever, fainting, abdominal distension, vomiting, loss of appetite. The lesions were water-stained, with a pink or orange-yellow layer of disease in the affected area and purple-black granules in later stages. Prevention and control methods, first, soaking seed with 1%% lime water; the second is to clear the disease forage; third is to pay attention to drainage, prevent grassland water or too wet; fourth is carbendazim WP spray 1000 to 1500 times, Topuzin 5%% wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times spray.
Powdery mildew: The disease is prone to occur when the temperature is between 20°C~28°C and relative humidity is 52%%~75%%. Onset grasses have poor growth and development, low hay yield, and poor quality. A white powder layer appeared on the leaves, stems, and calyxes of the diseased pastures, which began to appear golden yellow and then became spherical black spots. Prevention and control methods, first, the removal of diseased pasture; Second, to avoid excessive grass or lodging, timely use; Third, 2.5 kg of sulfur powder sprayed per mu, sterilization Dan 800 ~ 1000 times liquid spray.
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