Pig-raising technology in fermentation bed and production of fermentation bed

Pig-Raising Technology in Fermentation Bed and Production of Fermentation Bed

What is Fermentation Bed Swine?

Fermentation bed swine, also known as lazy Han pigs, ecological pigs, or indigenous bacteria-raising pigs, are a modern farming method where pigs are raised on a fermented bed made from materials like sawdust, rice husks, and other organic substances. This system allows for zero manure discharge, making it an eco-friendly alternative to traditional pig farming. The concept was first developed by Professor Kazuo Akio from the University of the Ryukyus in Japan and quickly gained popularity across Japan, Korea, and later in Europe and the United States.

Traditional pig farming in concrete pens often forces pigs into unnatural living conditions, leading to unpleasant odors, frequent cleaning, and the accumulation of harmful pathogens. This increases the need for costly vaccinations and medication. In contrast, fermentation bed farming mimics natural environments, allowing pigs to express their natural behaviors. This approach not only improves animal welfare but also reduces labor and feed costs while enhancing meat quality.

The microorganisms in the fermentation bed break down pig waste efficiently, eliminating the need for manual cleaning. This can reduce labor by 30% to 50%. Water is only used for drinking and maintaining litter moisture, which minimizes water usage and avoids excessive runoff. Pig feces and urine are broken down by microbes into bacterial protein, which pigs can eat, improving digestion and feed conversion rates by up to 10–15%. This results in faster growth, better meat-to-bone ratios, and reduced time to market.

Pigs raised on fermentation beds regain their natural instincts, such as rooting and wallowing, which helps reduce stress. The beneficial bacteria in the bedding also suppress harmful pathogens, creating a healthier environment and reducing disease incidence. As a result, the use of antibiotics decreases significantly. The temperature of the fermentation bed remains stable—around 27–28°C in summer and 17–18°C in winter—making it ideal for pig growth and saving on heating costs.

Moreover, the meat from pigs raised on fermentation beds has a firmer texture and a more natural color, giving it a competitive edge in the market. With its many benefits, this method is rapidly replacing traditional cement-based pig farming systems.

Production of Fermentation Beds

Litter Selection

Choosing the right litter is crucial for successful fermentation bed production. Depending on local availability, suitable materials include sawdust, rice husks, peanut shells, corn stalks, and wheat straw. These materials should be free from mold and chemical contamination, as any impurities can hinder microbial activity and lead to failure.

Commonly used ratios are listed below:

It's important to note that all materials must be clean and free from chemicals. For example, sawdust from furniture manufacturing may contain adhesives and should not be used. In some cases, improper material selection has led to failed fermentation beds, as seen in certain demonstration farms.

Production Steps

1. Mix the selected materials with water to achieve a humidity level of around 55–65%. To test: grab a handful of the mixture; it should feel damp but not wet. When released, it should not stick together.

2. Add the fermentation starter according to the ratio of 1 kg per ton of litter. You can mix it during the initial step or spray it evenly using a sprayer after adding water.

3. Pile the mixture in a well-ventilated area, ensuring the pile is at least three times the size of the final bed. Cover it with breathable materials like straw to help retain heat.

4. By the second day, the internal temperature will rise to 40°C, and by the third day, it can reach 60–70°C. This high temperature kills off harmful pathogens and promotes microbial growth.

5. After a few days, the temperature will stabilize between 40–50°C. At this point, the material is ready to be spread out as the fermentation bed.

6. Spread about 10 cm of dry material on the bed. After 24 hours, when the surface is no longer dusty, you can introduce the pigs. Your fermentation bed is now complete.

If using a basement, you can ferment directly in a pit. However, the walls may conduct heat too quickly, leading to uneven temperatures and potential waste. Therefore, piling and fermenting in open areas is generally more efficient.

Lithium CAS No.7439-93-2

Lithium Basic Information
CAS: 7439-93-2
MF: Li
MW: 6.94
EINECS: 231-102-5
Mol File: 7439-93-2.mol

Lithium Structure

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