Significant progress in the field of AIDS, antibodies successfully cleared SHIV in baby monkeys

March 28, 2016 Source: Bio Valley

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On March 23, 2016, scientists at the Oregon National Primate Research Center revealed today that infants exposed to SHIV (chimeric monkey virus with HIV envelope protein) are treated with antibodies within 24 hours. Remove the virus completely. The study, published in the journal NatureMedicine, showed that antibody administration to infants exposed to SHIV can successfully eliminate the virus, a major advance in the AIDS scientific community.

SHIV-infected non-human primates can transmit SHIV to their offspring through breastfeeding, just as HIV can transmit mother-to-child through breastfeeding and childbirth. People often use antiretroviral therapy (ART), caesarean section delivery and formula feeding to block mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, which has reduced the mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV from 25% in 1994 to 2%. . Although it is much reduced, there are still about 200,000 children infected with AIDS each year, and it mainly occurs in developing countries where ART treatment is immature.

"We understand that HIV can quickly infect babies in mother-to-child transmission, so we need to treat baby monkeys as soon as possible, but we were not convinced that antibody treatment could completely eliminate the virus." Haigwood and colleagues first, after the monkeys were exposed to the virus, The mice were neutralized by subcutaneous injection at 7 and 10 days. Infant monkeys without antibody treatment were observed to be found in various tissues on the first day of exposure. Instead, the effect occurs immediately after the first needle is injected. Injection of a potent antibody in the early stages of infection completely cleared the virus on day 14. That is, no virus was detected in any tissue in the baby monkey using a highly sensitive method.

Often, HIV is rapidly infected, spreads in local lymph nodes, and spreads throughout the body within a week. In the experimental model of this study, viral replication was detected in lymphoid tissues 24 hours after SHIV oral exposure of newborn rhesus monkeys, and was detected in the blood after 5 to 7 days.

Studies have shown that: (1) antibodies injected subcutaneously can be rapidly distributed in blood and tissues, maintaining neutralizing activity at different positions, and (2) antibodies can effectively eliminate viruses. Unlike the mechanism of ART treatment, ART is a variety of anti-retroviral Drugs can slow the rate of HIV replication in the body.

Other non-human primate experiments have shown that antiretroviral treatment is too late after three days of infection, preventing the establishment of HIV reservoirs. The researchers recommend ART in the last month of pregnancy, a few days after delivery, and breastfeeding. But the risks remain, including the toxicity of long-term ART treatment, the emergence of virus-resistant strains and the lack of care before delivery. New research registration, using antibody therapy and other methods may be beneficial for neonatal infection suppression.

The authors of the study acknowledge that there are still many questions that are unanswerable about HIV-infected babies and mothers, including practical and cultural aspects of breastfeeding, whether antibodies can be used to expose human babies to HIV, and optimized antibodies Composition and other issues.

Clinical trials of antibody therapy for HIV-exposed neonates have been conducted in the United States and South Africa. Previous clinical trials have shown antibody safety and good tolerance in HIV-1 negative adults.

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