The vegetative propagation of artichokes (also known as potatoes) must go through three growth stages: germination, seedling stage, and hair growth stage. The temperature reached 4 °C to germinate, and the buds grew fastest at 13 °C. The optimum temperature for the growth of stems and leaves is 21°C, the optimum temperature for the formation of stems, 14°C-24°C during the day, and 12°C-17°C during the evening. Short days and strong light are beneficial to the enlargement of the tubers, but the temperature is too high. Tubers are small. Planting spring mulch artichokes for spring planting requires selecting rows, irrigation conditions, deep plowing, fertile and loose soil.
First, the characteristics of potato nutrition and fertilizer requirements:
Acacia is a high-yielding potassium crop, requiring the most potash fertilizer throughout the growing season, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer least. However, various ingredients are different in different growth periods of artichokes.
Nitrogen fertilizer can make the stems and leaves grow and flourish, the leaves are dark green, the photosynthesis is vigorous, increase the accumulation of organic matter, and increase the protein content. If it is excessive, it will make the plants grow wild in the later growth period, delay the maturity period, and reduce the yield.
Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the growth of plants robust, can improve tuber quality and storage, increase starch content and yield. Phosphorus-deficient plants have short leaves, which have reduced photosynthetic activity and yield. The tubers are easy to hollow, rust, harden, and not boiled. Excessive phosphorus may increase the respiration of crops, lead to large consumption of phosphorus and water compounds, thick and dense leaves, early development of system organs, and inhibited growth of stems and leaves, leading to premature aging. Water-soluble phosphates can form low-solubility compounds with elements such as zinc, iron, and magnesium in the soil, reducing their effectiveness.
Potassium fertilizer can enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and cold, speed up the operation of nutrients, and increase starch and vitamins in tubers. Insufficient potassium, growth is inhibited, dwarfed above ground, shortened between nodes, plants clustered, leaves small and dark green, and gradually changed to bronze, until dead, tubers are mostly elongated or spindle-shaped.
Boron is conducive to tuber enlargement and can also prevent cracking. It has a special effect on improving net photosynthetic productivity.
Copper can increase protein content, and it has a good effect on enhancing plant respiration, increasing chlorophyll content, delaying leaf senescence and drought resistance, and also increasing net photosynthetic productivity of plants.
Calcium and magnesium increase with the enlargement of tubers, and the absorption of inorganic components of magnesium accounts for about 50%.
Second, the artichoke fertilizer technology points:
Basal fertilizer: 80% of the fertilisers in the growth stage of the acacia are derived from basal fertilizers, and the application of basal fertilizer must be emphasized in cultivation. If the basal fertilizer is deficient, you must apply fertilizer during the sowing time.
Top dressing: The young seedlings have a short seedling period, and they are also the cornerstones for rooting and hair growth. Emergence to pay attention to early catch fertilizer, chase fast-effective nitrogen fertilizer 15-20 kg per mu, spread in the rows, cultivator, watering. Into the hair period, see the buds can apply 20 kg of potassium sulfate per acre to prevent premature aging. Potato stage depends on growth. Yellow stems and leaves prematurely, can be a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spray fertilizer, no longer top dressing after ridge sealing.
III. Fertilizer standards and formulas for artichokes
According to the principle of full nutrition fertilization, in addition to sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, should pay attention to Shizhong, trace element fertilizer, in order to meet the normal, high-quality, nutritional growth requirements of artichoke, and obtain high yield. Spring sowing film mulberry per mu is calculated according to 2000 kilograms, fertilizing formula is as follows:
1. Fertilizer planting with potato seed: After cutting the seed potatoes, use “Seizhong 28†fertilizer directly.
2. Base fertilizer: 1 urea 10-15 kilograms, diammonium 7.5-10 kilograms, potash 20-25 kilograms, "Seizhong 28" fertilizer 28.25 kilograms; 2 hydrogen ammonia 40-60 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer 38-50 kilograms, potash 20-25 kilograms , "Saisang 28" fertilizer 28.50 kg. (Dong Hairong)
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