In life there is a dance of life in which all parts of the organism communicate and coordinate perfectly. Imagine that the genes in the genome are playing beautiful music. At this time, some genetically modified loitering DNA that does not know the rhythm of the music. They use high-powered loudspeakers to cry out hysterically and do not stop playing. Rambling. The dynamic genome tells us that when we formulated our health and environmental policies, we were completely misled. Genes are not as permanent as diamonds. The response of genes and genomes to the environment shows that the only way to maintain the health of genes and genomes is to maintain a balanced ecosystem. The idea that we can continue to destroy our ecosystem and continue to be healthy as long as we have "good" genes is fundamentally ineffective. When and where the gene transfer took place The two graceful butterflies that fell on the flowers were carrying out a large number of gene transfers in the most natural way. They should wait for a few hours. This is quite a long time compared to their short life. These butterflies know what time and place are suitable for gene transfer, and they only have this gene transfer between the right partners. Life began about 3.8 billion years ago. This geological era is characterized by the production of large numbers of species, the occurrence of mass transfer, the generation and extinction of transient species. Each species and each species must have a suitable time and place in the evolutionary tree. Species do not evolve at the same time or in the same place, so gene transfer is limited by space and time; the only exception is when life has just begun, when the three main types of life - archaea, bacteria, true The ancestors of nuclear organisms have not yet differentiated. Generally, organisms including bacteria have many ways to prevent the invasion of foreign DNA. This is very important, especially since the discovery of geneticists since the 1970s—these discoveries completely reversed the point of view of genetics. Francis Crick recently passed away. He and James Watson and Maurice Wilkins used the X-ray diffraction data from Rosalind Franklin to discover genetic material. The double helix structure of DNA won the Nobel Prize. Crick's guess about the structure of DNA is entirely correct, but he and James Watson's idea that genes and genomes determine species traits through one-dimensional linear causal chains is unfortunately wrong. Crick refers to the following idea as the Central Dogma of molecular biology: genetic information is transmitted in only one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins, and finally to protein-determined traits. DNA _ RNA _ Protein _ The central principle of molecular biology This kind of genetic determinism is already the soul of the organism's genetic modification—that is, its ability to give new functions by inserting artificially recombined DNA into the genome of organisms. If things are really simple, the effect of genetic modification should be very good. The genetic modification of scientific myths that led to the emergence and bankruptcy of many companies is a myth that has generated thousands of biotechnology companies. But even when the first biotechnology company was founded, genetic engineering that was used as a research tool produced significant discoveries that could overturn a single hypothesis of any central law. These discoveries eventually buried the biotechnology industry. At the end of June 2004, Syngent, the last biotech giant, also withdrew from the United Kingdom. Before it, Monsanto, Dupont, and Bayer Cropscience have already experienced the same situation [1]. Syngenta is retreating to North Carolina in the United States, but will it have a better future? In the past two decades, more than 350 profitable American biotechnology companies have been established. By the end of 2003, one-sixth of these companies had been dissolved or went bankrupt [2]. According to the study of Ernst & Young, a global financial authority, the biotech industry lost an astonishing 57.7 billion U.S. dollars from 1994 to 2004. The title of an article in the Wall Street Journal is [3]: “The bottom line of biotechnology: Losses exceed 40 billion U.S. dollars.†The article reads, “The biotechnology industry has not only generated negative investment returns for decades, it Also deepened the loss hole." British mainstream journals and biotechnologists have accused "luddities and activists" of driving out big commercial companies. However, the real reason is that large commercial companies and biotechnological scientists have made mistakes in scientific research [4]. The real image of dynamic genomics is the "dynamic genome" that geneticists once proposed in the early 1980s. Obviously, the vast majority of people know nothing about this. In addition to the term "Open University" written in the late 1980s, the term "Open University" has never entered textbooks [5]. It is only in the past two years that talents who are skeptical of the central principle have begun to be respected [6]. The term "dynamic genome" almost condenses all the discoveries that erase classical genetics from the map. What is completely different from the traditional view is that the genome is not static and constant, nor is it not affected by the environment. Don't treat the genome as static, just as Alfred North Whitehead criticized mechanical science at the beginning of last century and said “Do not treat nature as static†[7]. In fact, the genome is dynamically variable; there is extensive communication between the genome and the environment, and these exchanges not only change the pattern of gene expression but also change the structure of genes and genomes. What is most intolerable is that Lamarckism, or "heritage of acquired traits" - a taboo of classical genetics - is nowhere near the proof of the molecular mechanism of dynamic genomics. Two geneticists who played an important role in the definition of new genetics, Gabriel Dover and Dick Flavell wrote succinctly in 1982 [8]: “Application of new molecular techniques reveals that genomes at the chromosomal level It is a continuous population of sequences, mobility (genetic material moving around), amplification (a series of DNA sequences is ten, hundred, thousand) Deletion, inversion, exchange, and conversion of sequences create unexpected dynamics on the time scale of evolution and development. Recently, James Shapiro put it. This process is called "natural genetic engineering", which the organism has to do in order to survive, but this natural genetic engineering is very precise and is controlled by the organism as a whole.The genetic modification in the laboratory is compared with the natural genetic engineering. It is rough, unbelievable and unpredictable. The failure of the biotechnology industry lies in the products it produces. Good: Not credible, unstable, and dangerous Genetic modification breaks the rules of evolution Genetic modification is breaking all evolutionary rules. Genetically modified organisms are not natural, not only because they have been processed in the lab, but also because they Most of them can only be manufactured in the laboratory, and they do not occur at all in the evolution of billions of years. Genetic modification takes a short cut in evolution. All foreign genes inserted into genetically modified organisms are Unlike their natural counterparts, the smallest cell directives include a promoter, a gene switch that commands the cell to "replicate the following message (gene or coding sequence) to make a protein," and another command cell "stops," The terminator signal that terminates the signal. The three sources are usually different, and the gene itself may also be an artificially produced, non-natural DNA in the lab.[10] Studies have shown that some plants are genetically modified. A variety of DNAs, including their coding sequences, differ in their source and are genetically different from their natural counterparts. The process of genetic modification is not credible and the uncontrollable modifications are not just those above.Artificial constructs are spliced ​​into gene carriers (gene carriers or vectors) and introduced into the cells by infective methods.The information is integrated into the genome by infection. The process is uncontrollable and can have unpredictable, random effects, including animal abnormalities and unexpected toxins and allergens in food.[12] The transgenic line is essentially derived from the integration of specificity. Genetically modified single cells of DNA. Each event that occurs during the genetic modification process will give a different strain. In other words, there is no possibility of quality control. This problem is further complicated by the extreme instability of transgenic lines because of the poorly linked artifacts of poorly cobbled DNA from different sources, especially when they contain something like the CaMV 35S promoter. The CaMV 35S promoter contains a recombination hotspot, which is highly likely to be shattered and improperly linked to other DNA. The instability of the structure of the transgenic DNA increases the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and recombination, and therefore there is a possibility of producing new pathogens and transmitting antibiotic resistance marker genes to new pathogens. Transgenic DNA obtained from mammalian cells may activate potential viruses in the genome, and inappropriate activation of genes controlling cell reproduction may lead to cancer. There is already a lot of relevant evidence [eg, 4, 12]. Extremely unstable genetically modified strains I once referred to the instability of transgenic lines as “the best kept secret of preservation†because everybody knew it for many years, but they did not mention it and turned a blind eye to it [13]. In the International Conference on Biosafety and publications, I have used the time-specific molecular characteristics of inserted transgene structures and their position in successive generations of genomes as the only valid evidence for the stability of transgenic lines. This view that the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment should be treated with extreme caution was finally written into the 2001 European guidelines (2001/18/EC). It was not until last year that French government scientists examined the transgene insert DNA in five transgenic lines: Mon810, Monsanto, Roundup Ready, Bayer T25, and Syngenta's Bt176 corn; in each case, the transgenic insertions were heavy. The platoon, not only the relative artifact itself, but also the archive of the company. French scientists sent their results to a conference poster with the title “Description of commercial genetically modified organism insertion sequences: a useful material for studying genome dynamics†[14]. Belgian scientists have confirmed this result [15]. The erroneous choice of genome dynamics reveals changes in genetic paradigms. The new view is that genetic modification is not only useless but also harmful [4]. The differences between dynamic genomes and center rules are not significant (see Figure A). Most importantly, to make genetic modification even worse, it defines the goal of natural genetic engineering as harmonizing gene expression and altering the genome in a non-random manner in the process of development and response to the ecological environment. This is exactly what the dynamic genome includes. Content. In life there is a dance of life in which all parts of the organism communicate and coordinate perfectly. Imagine that the genes in the genome are playing beautiful music. At this time, some genetically modified loitering DNA that does not know the rhythm of music is used. They use high-powered loudspeakers to cry hysterically not to stop playing, and to go around Rambling. The dynamic genome tells us that when we formulated our health and environmental policies, we were completely misled. Genes are not as permanent as diamonds. The response of genes and genomes to the environment shows that the only way to maintain the health of genes and genomes is to maintain a balanced ecosystem. The idea that we can continue to destroy our ecosystem and continue to be healthy as long as we have "good" genes is fundamentally ineffective. Like most industrialized countries, the United Kingdom has a national health crisis: environmental pollution caused by industrial waste, chemical pesticides, and junk food industries are causing cancer, allergies, obesity, and obesity-related diseases (such as diabetes), heart disease, and many others. Unnamed chronic diseases have become popular. After billions of dollars in public funds were wasted to produce our unneeded and unsafe genetically modified crops, even though the biotech industry began to abandon the study of genetically modified crops, our government still believes that there is nothing better than supporting genetically modified crops. It's up. When billions of dollars are invested in the sequencing of the human genome, they also plan to establish a DNA bank for the entire population and use the bank to find out which genes cause individual differences in resistance to various diseases; even if you are not a geneticist You can also know that this is a useless idea. Even from the point of view of the dynamic genome, genes of the same generation do not exchange, and suddenly a large number of people are sensitive to various diseases. Genetic modificationists do not intend to fundamentally solve the problem: the fundamental solution is to eliminate environmental pollution and implement our organic agriculture that is beneficial to the survival of human beings. However, they paint the land in heaven to give us the promise of medicine tailored for everyone. Actually, These drugs are usually toxic and can slow down the disease. Sydney Brenner won the Nobel Prize for Physiological Medicine in 2002 for discovering the apoptotic and genetic regulation of organ development with John Sulston and Robert Horvitz. He began to criticize this plan when the Human Genome Project was just introduced. He told the BBC in September 2003 that more money should be invested in health education than what genetically engineered drugs are designed.[16] He does not think that the tailor-made treatments and medicines designed for each person based on the genome can have any effect. The latest evidence is that toxic agents in the environment can disrupt the genomic sequence. These disrupted sequences may be associated with a series of chronic diseases such as Gulf War Syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and autologous diseases. Autoimmune disease is associated with leukaemia [17]. Recent studies have found that the mother's diet changes the entire pattern of gene expression in her unborn baby and thus affects her future health. The nutrients absorbed by the baby in the womb can indeed change his susceptibility to chronic diseases such as cancer, stroke, obesity, schizophrenia and manic depression [18]. Moreover, these effects can persist for successive generations. On the other hand, proper dietary supplementation can also repair these damaged mechanisms by altering the genes themselves. For example, giving maternity rats proper dietary supplements before they become pregnant can make many newborn mice that should have been obese become lean and healthy. This means that when we no longer harm our bodies with contaminated air, water and food, the dynamic genome has half the probability of repairing itself. The organic revolutionary genome in science is just one aspect of the Western scientific organic revolution that began in the early part of the last century [7]. It was only temporarily ignored because of the emergence of the central rule. The contrast is obvious: the mechanical method is a linear chain of commands and controls, and the organic method is communication and participation at all levels. The idea of ​​a new healthy organism is that all kinds of electricity and electromagnetic energy in the organism make it possible for organizations, cells, and all molecules in the organism to communicate with each other and coordinate their actions. When communication and coordination are perfect, we are in a state of coherence or wholeness. The living organism is so uniform that it appears to be a dynamic liquid crystal that is being exhibited because all its molecules are coordinatingly beating. I call this the rainbow worm. This is the title of a book I wrote [19]. I once called this dance of life "quantum jazz." In this dance of life, although each member is very small, it is always free to improvise with the rhythm and rhythm of the whole. This completely organic view of life has been further enhanced by the recent quantum revolution that may bring us quantum computers, quantum cryptography, and even teleportation [20]. The most important thing is that it has changed the view that we have no mutual information exchange with everything in nature. This idea of ​​understanding the organism as a coherent whole has another application, such as the evaluation of food quality [21]. It also explains why the existence of organism-like systems depends on their ability to store a large amount of coherent energy in various ways in different time and space [22]. I cannot describe what the most exciting life should be like. Accepting the dynamic genome means that the death and disintegration of organisms that are believed to produce life and creativity are mechanical cultures. This is part of the reason why a group of scientists came together to organize an independent scientific team to publish a report [23]. This report opposes genetically modified crops and promotes non-genetically modified crops. Data link What is the genetically modified agricultural industry? The transgenic industry is an emerging high-tech industry based on biological genetic manipulation technology. The transgenic agriculture is the application of transgenic technology in agricultural research and the cultivation and aquiculture of agricultural products. With the progress and breakthroughs in the research of various important crop genomes, microbial genomes, poultry and livestock genomes and proteomics, and other technologies, transgenic agriculture has become the most dynamic part of the entire agricultural industry, and it has also attracted widespread attention from countries around the world. Although countries around the world have different attitudes and restrictions on the final listing of genetically modified agricultural products and the scope of species application of genetically modified technologies, countries have not dared to slacken their research in the field of genetically modified basic research and have listed them as the top priority in the development of high-tech industries. one. Broadly speaking, the transgenic agriculture industry includes fundamental research on transgenes, such as genome sequencing, isolation and cloning of individual genes, and studies on the regulation of their expression, etc., and transgene manipulation between different species to obtain specific expression of a certain trait. GM crops, as well as the promotion and adoption of genetically modified crops in agricultural applications, etc., GM agriculture involves agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, livestock and fisheries. The narrow sense of genetically modified agriculture refers only to the promotion and application of genetically modified crops. At present, the sown area of ​​GM crops in the world has reached 40 million hectares, including food, vegetables, fruits and livestock. The use of molecular biology to purposely transfer genes of certain organisms to other biological species can artificially make GM crops exhibit traits that their original species does not have or produce products that the original species cannot produce, thus making it more traditional. Compared with the hybridization technology, the transgenic technology is not limited by the kinship of the species, the function is clear, the traits of the offspring are predictable, and the offspring with good traits have a short time. Through the application of transgenic technology, humans can obtain crops that are more in line with the requirements, have high yield, nutrition, disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance and other advantages. For example, we are familiar with transgenic insect-resistant cotton, transgenic rice, genetically modified soybeans, and genetically modified corn. The food processed with genetically modified organisms as raw materials is genetically modified foods. The garments made from genetically modified cotton are GM garments. At present, the top four crops for genetic crops in the world are the United States, Argentina, Canada, and China. Overview of the development of foreign genetically modified agriculture industry The United States is the country with the earliest and most widely used genetically modified technology. Since the United States first used genetic recombination technology in agricultural production in the early 1990s, at present, 70% of soybeans, 75% of cotton, and 40% of corn in the United States are genetically modified products. To date, about 20 seeds of genetically modified crops, including corn, soybeans, canola, potatoes and cotton, have been approved for seeding in the United States. It is estimated that from 1999 to 2004, the market size of genetically engineered agricultural products and foods in the United States has expanded from 4 billion U.S. dollars to 20 billion U.S. dollars and by 2019 will reach 75 billion U.S. dollars. Some experts predict that at the beginning of the 21st century, it is very likely that every food in the United States contains a certain amount of genetic engineering components. Argentina and Canada are also countries with rapidly growing GM agricultural production. Due to the influence of traditional culture, EU countries have been in a weak position in the research and cultivation of genetically modified crops. The planted area accounts for only 0.3% of the total area of ​​the world. At the same time, as the country that invests most in the research of transgenic technology, the United States has more than 50% of patents related to genetic modification in recent years. The United States is also the most widely seeded country in the world for genetically modified crops. It accounts for 70% of the world's genetically modified crops and reaches 53 million hectares. Using genetically modified technology, the United States can increase its agricultural income by 1.5 billion U.S. dollars a year. At present, GM research has been successfully achieved in at least 35 plants and 120 plants worldwide. The traits involved include insect resistance, anti-virus, anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, herbicide resistance, resistance to stress, and quality improvement. Regulation of growth and development to increase yield potential and so on. According to incomplete statistics, according to the “Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development†(OECD), from 1986 to 2000, 15 313 ​​genetically modified organisms were approved by OECD countries for field trials, of which 98.4% were plant-based. Bacteria accounted for 1.0%, viruses accounted for 0.3%, fungi accounted for 0.2%, and animals accounted for 0.1%. Of all the 10,313 field trials that were approved, the United States accounted for 71.1% of the total. (He Meiyi and Hu Jianfei) About the author: Director of the Institute of Science in Society in London, UK, and one of the founders of the Institute. She also served as a member of the "Science in Society." Society) editor. He is also a member of the expert group for the draft of the Cartagena Biosafety Draft, a scientific advisor of the Third World Network. Dr. He Meixiu has done a lot of pioneering work in the field of physics of organisms, and is one of the leading figures in the anti-genetic engineering of today. These work made her famous. Dr. He Meixiu’s works, etc., have published a total of more than 300 articles spanning multiple disciplines and have written 12 books, including: "Genetic Engineering - Dreams or Nightmares" (1998, 1999), "Rainbow and Insects - "Physics of Organisms" (1993, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 republished), "Dynamic Genome" (2003), "A Sustainable World Without Genetically Engineered Organisms" and "Aids for AIDS" (2004).
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