Pre-winter climate conditions and effects
1. Appropriate distribution of rainwater and moderate rainfall are conducive to the growth of wheat and rapeseed. This year, the soil in all parts of the province is in good condition. Since October, there have been more rainy days, but the amount of rainfall is not enough and the distribution of rainwater is appropriate. According to the provincial meteorological department, from the beginning of October to the middle of December, the average rainfall in the entire province was 105.7 mm, which was slightly lower than that in the normal years. Among them, Huaibei’s perennially arid areas had abundant rainfall, which was 118.2 mm, which was 32.6% higher than the normal year. Millimeters, slightly less than the average year; precipitation in the Jiangnan region was 81.4 millimeters, a decrease of 40.5% from the normal number. The continuous occurrence of continuous rain and dampness (stains) damage in the Suzhong and Jiangnan rice buckwheat regions did not occur, and it is a rare non-drought and non-wet year in the history of the province.
2. The unusually high temperature in November is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of late seedlings and weak seedlings. From October to mid-December, the accumulative accumulated temperature of the province was 1014.4°C, which was 95°C higher than the average. The accumulative accumulated temperature in the Huaibei, Suzhong, and Jiangnan regions was 71°C, 99°C, and 114°C higher than the normal year. Among them, the unusually high temperature in November, the province's daily average temperature of 13.8 °C, higher than the same period in the normal 3.6 °C, is a significant high range, the highest value for the same period since 1961. The accumulative accumulated temperature in November increased by 108°C from the average, and the accumulative accumulated temperature in Huaibei, Suzhong, and Jiangnan increased by 45°C, 81°C, and 119°C, respectively. According to the cumulative temperature required for the growth of each leaf (wheat 75°C, rape 6-9 leaf 70°C, 10-13 leaf 55°C), it is theoretically possible to increase 0.6-1.6 leaves, which is equivalent to compensate for the delay of about 10 days for planting. The period is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of late-seeding wheat and late-planting rapeseeds and reducing the proportion of weak seedlings. At the same time, the proportion of prosperous seedlings has also increased.
3. The temperature is low since mid-December and the wintering period is ahead of schedule. After the end of November, temperatures began to drop significantly due to cold weather. In particular, in mid-December, the average daily temperature was 1~2°C lower than usual, and the province experienced from the north to the south for 5 consecutive days with an average daily temperature below 3°C. The growth of wheat oil in various regions gradually entered the wintering period, which was 5 years ahead of the normal. About a day, it is beneficial to control the growth of seedlings, but it poses a greater threat to the potential freezing damage of weak seedlings.
Wintering seedling characteristics
1. The overall condition of wheat seedlings was better than that of the previous year, and the dry buckwheat was obviously better than the previous year. According to the summary statistics of winter crops in winter on December 20, the province's wheat averages 234,000 basic seedlings per mu, which is 15,000 more than the previous year; the average leaf age is 4.4 leaves, 0.1 leaf more than the previous year; the average total seedlings per acre 489,000, 55,000 more than the previous year. Among them, the Huaibei region averaged 249,000 basic seedlings per mu, which was 0.8 million more than the previous year; the average leaf age was 4.7 leaves, 0.2 leaf more than the previous year; the average total stem pod per acre was 584,000, 75,000 more than the previous year. The average number of basic seedlings per acre in the Central Plains region was 212,000, 32,000 more than the previous year; the average leaf age was 3.7 leaves, 0.1 leaf more than last year; the average total seedlings per mu was 340,000, which was 12,000 more than the previous year. The average number of basic seedlings per acre in southern Jiangsu is 197,000, which is 20,000 more than the previous year; the average leaf age is 3.4 leaves, 0.1 leaf more than the previous year; the average total stem diameter is 272,000 per mu, which is 26,000 more than the previous year. Seedling queuing statistics, Wang Changmiao accounted for 8.4%, 3.1 percentage points over the previous year; a class accounted for 35.8%, 5.5 percentage points higher than the previous year; Class 2 seedlings accounted for 36.5%, down 6.6 percentage points over the previous year; Three types of seedlings accounted for 19.3%, a decrease of 2 percentage points from the previous year. The number of seedlings growing in Mong Kok, the first, second and third categories increased by 2.8, 5 percentage points and 1.2, 6.6 percentage points lower than that in mid-November.
2. The wintering period of rapeseed was significantly better than that of the previous year. According to the wintering survey on December 20, the average density of transplanted rapeseeds in the province was 7,125 per acre, which was basically the same as the previous year; the average leaf age was 12.8 leaves, the number of green leaves was 8.7, the plant height was 27.4 cm, and the root neck was 1.4 cm thick. The degree of 40.8 centimeters, respectively, over the same period last year increased by 0.9 leaves, 1.3, 3.7 centimeters, 0.5 centimeters, 5.4 centimeters. The average seeded rapeseed has an average density of 18,100 plants per acre, a year-on-year increase of 0.227 million; the average leaf age is 10.4 leaves, the number of green leaves is 8.5, the plant height is 26.8 cm, the root neck is 0.8 cm thick, and the opening degree is 31.9 cm. In the same period last year, it increased 1.9 leaves, 1.7, 6.1 centimeters, 0.2 centimeters, and 8.7 centimeters. Growth of the seedlings queue statistics, a class, second class, three seedlings rates were 45.6%, 38.1%, 16.3%, increasing 11.7 respectively over the previous year, minus 2.9, minus 8.8 percentage points. Three seedlings definitely an area of ​​88.4 acres, 62.3 acres more than last year minus, minus 41.5%. Compared with last year, this year's growth, excessive, a higher proportion of three seedlings early bolting.
Wintering field management measures are generally better for the current wheat and rape seedlings, but the proportion of two seedlings (wangchang seedlings, three types of seedlings) is higher, and wintering field management measures should be centered on freezing and protecting seedlings, and careful repression should be done. Covering, clearing the ground, supplementing fertilizers and other work to ensure the safe winter wheat and rape.
Strengthening Repression and Coverage Strengthening the repression and coverage of wheat is an important task in freezing and protecting seedlings. The suppression should be carried out on a sunny day with cold tail warmers and rising temperatures. In addition to the repression of overgrown young seedlings with high leaf age and large populations, the wheat fields with large amount of rice straw returned to the field are vulnerable to cold and bare wheat seedlings due to the loose top layer and easy loss of wheat. It is necessary to do everything possible to adopt mechanical or artificial measures to properly suppress the field and improve the ability to protect and prevent freezing. Live-seeding wheat in paddy fields and paddy fields can be covered by adding fertilizer or covering with mud. Straw mulching also has the effect of warming, protecting, and freezing, and is generally covered with straw 150-200 kg/mu. Rafts for transplanting rapeseed should be rooted and rooted to achieve the purpose of protecting the root from heat and freezing.
Qinggou Lishui has a relatively large amount of rainwater in our province, especially in the Huainan region, which often encounter continuous rainy weather, which can easily lead to waterlogging in the fields, and is an important obstacle to the high yield of wheat. Therefore, for the field where the ditch has not been matched or the standard is low, it is necessary to make full use of the favorable opportunity for the returning labor force to return home during the winter idle period and the Spring Festival, and to clean up the internal and external three ditch by surprise to ensure that the ditch is unblocked and the hidden dangers of waterlogging are eliminated. During the wintering period, it will prevent severe waterlogging caused by continuous rain in winter and spring, and avoid freezing and thawing to alternately increase waterlogging and freezing damage.
For the first and second type of wheat fields suitable for seed dressing, appropriate basic seedlings, moderate foundations, normal growth, and relatively full population due to seedling supplementation, no fertilizer is required at present; for fields with insufficient late seeding and insufficient stem pods , Can apply 5 ~ 7.5 kilograms of urea per acre, and "fat promotion, labor promotion" combined to promote the transformation of the seedlings. For late seeding and late planting of weak seedlings and red seedlings, 5-7 kg of urea is added per acre to promote the transformation of the seedlings; "Yellow pond promotes balance"; for rape fields that have grown too busy and have been convulsed, measures such as picking up the stem or topping the main stem can be taken to control the growth and supplement the fertilizer early in the spring to prevent premature dehydration. In the event of heavier freezing injury, the injured fertilizer may be applied as appropriate to promote the restoration of growth.
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