I. Winter Climate Features
1. The temperature gradually decreases, the relative humidity is relatively small, the air is dry, and the contradiction between ventilation and heat insulation is increasing day by day.
2. The duration of daylight is continuously shortening, and natural lighting time for open chicken houses is reduced.
3, there are more northwest wind, the temperature changes violently, large temperature difference between day and night, generally 10-15 °C, easy to cause cold stress.
Second, the prone to problems in the process of winter incidence and management
1. In winter, it is the high season of influenza. Inadequate implementation of the immunization or epidemic prevention system can easily lead to the outbreak and epidemic of influenza.
2. There are northwest winds in winter, and the minimum temperature is below -10°C. If the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation is poorly coordinated, it can easily lead to the outbreak of respiratory diseases.
3, the general autumn and winter cold season and sudden changes in temperature, overcrowding, poor ventilation and other environmental conditions prone to infectious rhinitis.
4, the winter sunshine time is continuously shortened, should pay attention to the fan, ventilation small windows and other light at the light and shade.
Third, the key point of autumn and winter season management
1. Safe production, prevention of disease first
Winter laying hens are prone to diseases such as respiratory tract and Newcastle disease. Therefore, health and epidemic prevention work is very important. It is necessary to strictly establish the admission system for the farm area and chicken house, prohibit the entry of people who are not in order to avoid the disease, and to regularly disinfect the environment, the environment, sinks and utensils in the house, and carry out the new city when laying hens are 17 weeks old. The epidemic is immune system (intranasal, drinking water, aerosol immunization can be), and at the same time the timely implementation of fowl cholera, fowlpox vaccine immunity. Observe the flock at any time and isolate the disease in time.
2, control the source of infection, cut off the route of transmission
In order to prevent unburned, all employees are required to avoid contact with live birds and birds as far as possible, away from all possible sources of infection. At present, there are three main transmission routes for the epidemic: people, air, and media. The specific measures are as follows:
(1) Bathing, changing the epidemic prevention clothing, shoes and hats, prohibiting the entry of outside items into the entrance area, entering the building to stamp on the disinfecting pot, prohibiting the use of walking contaminants, string ridges, etc. These seemingly simple processes can effectively cut off the passage of people. The way to spread.
(2) In the winter, more northwest winds are conducive to the spread of various pathogenic microorganisms. In this environment, it is particularly important to adjust the size of the fan, the air inlet, and keep the external environment clean and strengthen disinfection.
(3) Deal with dead chickens in time to prevent night-time cats and mice from stealing food; timely cleaning of homes, cleaning of feathers, etc., and daily cleaning.
3, reasonable ventilation, reduce the seasonal stress
The winter hen house should be ventilated frequently to keep the air in the house fresh. The closed chicken house can be opened at regular intervals according to air pollution in the house. In windowed chicken houses, the duration of the window opening and the number of times it takes to be determined depend on factors such as the density of birds, the temperature, the weather, the size of the wind, and the degree of stimulation of harmful gases.
(1) Under the premise of sufficient oxygen in the shed and air pollution, the indoor temperature should be maintained at the target temperature value as much as possible, and the uniformity of the temperature before, during, and after the house and the temperature change range should be minimized. Rely on the control of the fan, regulate the air intake to adjust the temperature inside the house, so that the temperature difference between morning and evening is controlled at 3-5 °C.
(2) The indoor wind speed is suitable between 5.5-6.5m/s. The size of the ventilation window depends on the number of fans and the weather conditions. The number of ventilation windows should be determined according to the temperature and the number of fans. In general, when the two fans are running, all the small windows open. Adjust the ventilation window according to the day and night temperature fluctuation rule. Generally, the temperature rises at 8:30 in the daytime. At this time, the small window gradually increases according to the temperature in the room, and the temperature gradually decreases from 7:00 to 8:00 at night. According to the temperature in the house, the small window is gradually reduced.
4, cold insulation, stable environment
As winter approaches, temperatures drop, so preparations for winter cold insulation should be done well in advance, such as repairing the chicken house windows and doors in advance, hanging curtains, plugging the wall leaks, preventing the thief from blowing the chicken body, but leaving a good vent. To ensure that the winter chicken house 8-13 °C is appropriate.
5. Countermeasures in Special Environments
In windy weather, the air intake and wind speed are the main concerns. At this time, the size of the small inlet window should be adjusted or controlled by adjusting the fan to reduce the air intake, slow down the wind speed, prevent the thieves from invading and reduce the dust from entering. . When the temperature drops sharply, insulation should be used as a precondition.
In short, the key points for the management of autumn and winter seasons mainly lie in the implementation of the epidemic prevention system, the coordination of ventilation and heat preservation, and the response to special environments. Therefore, in the winter, the establishment of a reasonable feeding management scheme for laying hens will increase the income of farmers. Reducing and preventing the occurrence of laying hens diseases plays a key role in improving the production performance of laying hens.
1. The temperature gradually decreases, the relative humidity is relatively small, the air is dry, and the contradiction between ventilation and heat insulation is increasing day by day.
2. The duration of daylight is continuously shortening, and natural lighting time for open chicken houses is reduced.
3, there are more northwest wind, the temperature changes violently, large temperature difference between day and night, generally 10-15 °C, easy to cause cold stress.
Second, the prone to problems in the process of winter incidence and management
1. In winter, it is the high season of influenza. Inadequate implementation of the immunization or epidemic prevention system can easily lead to the outbreak and epidemic of influenza.
2. There are northwest winds in winter, and the minimum temperature is below -10°C. If the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation is poorly coordinated, it can easily lead to the outbreak of respiratory diseases.
3, the general autumn and winter cold season and sudden changes in temperature, overcrowding, poor ventilation and other environmental conditions prone to infectious rhinitis.
4, the winter sunshine time is continuously shortened, should pay attention to the fan, ventilation small windows and other light at the light and shade.
Third, the key point of autumn and winter season management
1. Safe production, prevention of disease first
Winter laying hens are prone to diseases such as respiratory tract and Newcastle disease. Therefore, health and epidemic prevention work is very important. It is necessary to strictly establish the admission system for the farm area and chicken house, prohibit the entry of people who are not in order to avoid the disease, and to regularly disinfect the environment, the environment, sinks and utensils in the house, and carry out the new city when laying hens are 17 weeks old. The epidemic is immune system (intranasal, drinking water, aerosol immunization can be), and at the same time the timely implementation of fowl cholera, fowlpox vaccine immunity. Observe the flock at any time and isolate the disease in time.
2, control the source of infection, cut off the route of transmission
In order to prevent unburned, all employees are required to avoid contact with live birds and birds as far as possible, away from all possible sources of infection. At present, there are three main transmission routes for the epidemic: people, air, and media. The specific measures are as follows:
(1) Bathing, changing the epidemic prevention clothing, shoes and hats, prohibiting the entry of outside items into the entrance area, entering the building to stamp on the disinfecting pot, prohibiting the use of walking contaminants, string ridges, etc. These seemingly simple processes can effectively cut off the passage of people. The way to spread.
(2) In the winter, more northwest winds are conducive to the spread of various pathogenic microorganisms. In this environment, it is particularly important to adjust the size of the fan, the air inlet, and keep the external environment clean and strengthen disinfection.
(3) Deal with dead chickens in time to prevent night-time cats and mice from stealing food; timely cleaning of homes, cleaning of feathers, etc., and daily cleaning.
3, reasonable ventilation, reduce the seasonal stress
The winter hen house should be ventilated frequently to keep the air in the house fresh. The closed chicken house can be opened at regular intervals according to air pollution in the house. In windowed chicken houses, the duration of the window opening and the number of times it takes to be determined depend on factors such as the density of birds, the temperature, the weather, the size of the wind, and the degree of stimulation of harmful gases.
(1) Under the premise of sufficient oxygen in the shed and air pollution, the indoor temperature should be maintained at the target temperature value as much as possible, and the uniformity of the temperature before, during, and after the house and the temperature change range should be minimized. Rely on the control of the fan, regulate the air intake to adjust the temperature inside the house, so that the temperature difference between morning and evening is controlled at 3-5 °C.
(2) The indoor wind speed is suitable between 5.5-6.5m/s. The size of the ventilation window depends on the number of fans and the weather conditions. The number of ventilation windows should be determined according to the temperature and the number of fans. In general, when the two fans are running, all the small windows open. Adjust the ventilation window according to the day and night temperature fluctuation rule. Generally, the temperature rises at 8:30 in the daytime. At this time, the small window gradually increases according to the temperature in the room, and the temperature gradually decreases from 7:00 to 8:00 at night. According to the temperature in the house, the small window is gradually reduced.
4, cold insulation, stable environment
As winter approaches, temperatures drop, so preparations for winter cold insulation should be done well in advance, such as repairing the chicken house windows and doors in advance, hanging curtains, plugging the wall leaks, preventing the thief from blowing the chicken body, but leaving a good vent. To ensure that the winter chicken house 8-13 °C is appropriate.
5. Countermeasures in Special Environments
In windy weather, the air intake and wind speed are the main concerns. At this time, the size of the small inlet window should be adjusted or controlled by adjusting the fan to reduce the air intake, slow down the wind speed, prevent the thieves from invading and reduce the dust from entering. . When the temperature drops sharply, insulation should be used as a precondition.
In short, the key points for the management of autumn and winter seasons mainly lie in the implementation of the epidemic prevention system, the coordination of ventilation and heat preservation, and the response to special environments. Therefore, in the winter, the establishment of a reasonable feeding management scheme for laying hens will increase the income of farmers. Reducing and preventing the occurrence of laying hens diseases plays a key role in improving the production performance of laying hens.
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