Orchard weeding method is an advanced, practical and efficient soil management method. It has been implemented in Europe, America, Japan and other countries for many years, and its application is very common. Orchard grass what are the benefits? What mistakes should you avoid?
The benefits of grass in orchards
Increasing soil organic matter content For a long time, large amounts of chemical fertilizers have been used in orchards, resulting in soil compaction, acid-base imbalances, and decreased fertility, which are the main reasons for the decline in fruit quality. The roots of green crops are strong, and some parts of the ground grow vigorously. They contain a large amount of abundant organic matter. After overturning, they can improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase soil fertility. According to the experiment, soil organic matter under 5 to 10 cm under the cover increased by 1% under grass conditions. The best grasses should be shade-tolerant leguminous plants, such as clover, turfgrass, burdock, and crowned flowers, which have strong nitrogen fixation and are easily decomposed. They are vigorous green manure crops.
Improve the microclimate of orchards Because of the improvement of physiochemical properties of green manure crops, the coordination of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in the soil improves the air humidity in the orchards and makes the orchards in the high-temperature seasons in the autumn cool, which is very beneficial to the growth and development of fruit trees and helps to reduce Occurrence of sunburn.
Improve the quality of fruit As the grass humidity increases and the temperature difference between day and night increases, the fruit coloring rate increases, the sugar content increases, and the fruit hardness and storability improve significantly. Drying effect, the fruit surface prone to sunburn and dry cracks, orchard grass can effectively avoid and prevent the above phenomenon, improve the appearance of fruit quality.
Avoid the Five Mistakes
Implementing the orchard-sowing method instead of the clean-cultivation method is a major change in the farming system. Implementing the orchard-sowing-grass method is a new technique. Most of the fruit growers still know little about it. Therefore, there are still some problems in its cultivation. There are the following five errors:
No local conditions have been selected to introduce white clover in many places, but the white clover is poor in drought resistance. Dry land orchards are white clover, and the average dead seedling rate is more than 30%. Therefore, grass species should be selected according to local conditions. Irrigation areas can be planted with damp-tolerant white clover; dry land is selected for comparison with drought-resistant Lotus roots and flat stem yellow shoots.
No specifications were planted. Some fruit growers planted all the orchard ground into grass. As a result, the grass and roots planted on the tree trays competed for water, competed for fertilizer, and competed for breathing. This was not conducive to the normal growth of fruit trees. Generally, the young orchard can only plant grass between the rows of trees. The grass belt should be about 40 cm away from the outer edge of the tree tray. It can be used as a fertilizing nutrient belt and a growing orchard. It can grow grasses between rows and plants, but under the tree tray. Can not grow grass.
Without paying attention to the management of many fruit growers at the seedling stage, they let themselves go, and some of them were very severe. Some seedlings had formed tall seedlings, some weeds grew thick, and they had suppressed the growth. Grass seedlings and so on. Generally encountered after the rain grass grass, it should be promptly loose soil solution, and carry out line-by-line seedlings to fill seedlings, to reach the seedlings, for the thick seedlings should be time and seedlings Dingmiao, can be more appropriate for seedlings, but also combined with cultivators to completely remove weeds , in order to facilitate the growth of the grass grow. Saplings growing peanuts between rows can improve the soil and reduce the temperature of the orchard's surface soil.
Without strengthening water and fertilizer management, some fruit growers will have the wrong idea, thinking that grasses can retain water and increase fertilizers, so they can relax water and fertilizer management, and they will not fertilize the grass they plant, and they will not apply water. In general, in addition to the application of base fertilizer before sowing, in the seedling stage, urea fertilizer should also be applied 4 to 5 kg, fertilization can be combined with irrigation facilities, but also can be sprayed on the rain or spraying. When the orchard is short of drought, it must be timely flooded.
The grass grown is not castrated for a long time. Some growers grow grass in the orchard and do not castrate even if the grass is very tall. In general, most grasses are planted in the first year after planting. Because the weak root system is small, it is not appropriate to castrate. From the second year onwards, it can be cut 3 to 5 times a year. When the grass grows to about 40 cm, It is necessary to castrate and cover the weeds that are castrated on the tree trays to protect them. Perennial grass, generally aged after 5 years, can be turned over in the fall to allow it to relax for 1 to 2 years before reseeding the grass.
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