1 The disease is complex and difficult to diagnose
At present, multi-pathogen mixed infection has become the main form of swine disease, making the clinical manifestations and pathological changes less typical than simple infection. At the same time, the emergence of atypical cases makes the diagnosis of swine diseases more difficult. In clinical practice, swine disease diagnosis methods include epidemiological diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, microbiology diagnosis, serological diagnosis, and molecular biology diagnosis. However, the methods commonly used by grassroots veterinarians are still epidemiological diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, or pathological diagnosis, and some may not even be pathological. Therefore, the diagnosis is based on experience and the results can be imagined. Diagnosis of the disease is the premise of treatment. If the diagnosis is insignificant or wrong, the treatment will be very good. Therefore, one of the main reasons for the current difficulty in the treatment of swine diseases is difficulty in diagnosis.
Countermeasures: Master the diagnosis of swine diseases and broaden the diagnostic thinking. While mastering traditional diagnostic methods, swine disease laboratory diagnosis technology will be an important direction for future swine disease diagnosis. Therefore, it is recommended that the pig farms or veterinary clinics with the best conditions should have a pig disease diagnosis laboratory. The specifications should not be too high. The diagnosis of conventional bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases can be performed. The use of diagnostic kits, colloidal gold test papers, etc. can be used for rapid detection. can.
2 mixed infection, affect the efficacy
One of the current characteristics of swine disease is the mixed infection caused by multiple pathogens, such as bacteria and bacteria, bacteria and viruses, viruses and viruses or parasites. Once infected, pigs are mostly mixed infections. The consequence of multiple infections is the increased difficulty of diagnosis and prevention. The same treatment method showed differences in the efficacy of simple infections and mixed infections. The reason lies in the coexistence of bacteria, some of which can resist or destroy the host's defense system, so that the symbiotic bacteria are protected. More importantly, mixed infection often interferes with the antibiotic activity. In vitro susceptibility testing often fails to reflect the actual situation in mixed infection lesions, which increases the difficulty of treatment.
Countermeasures: Strengthen feeding and management, do a good job in environmental sanitation, and increase pig body resistance. As the saying goes, "The righteousness does not exist." Develop a strict disinfection system and scientifically select and use disinfectants. According to the local disease epidemic situation and the actual situation of the farm, the development of practical immunization procedures should not be blindly copied.
3 Serious immunosuppression hazards
Immunosuppression is due to damage to the immune system, leading to a decrease in the body's ability to respond to antigens and an increased immune sensitivity to disease. The causes of immunosuppression are two types of non-infectious and infectious agents. Non-infectious factors include mycotoxins, nutritional deficiencies (such as trace elements, vitamins, etc.), drug factors (such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, etc.), and stress factors. Infectious factors include porcine circovirus, swine fever virus, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, blue-ear virus, swine influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and toxoplasma. Immunosuppressive factors disrupt the body's immune system, leading to temporary or permanent immune response disturbances and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. In addition to coping with treatment, it is especially important to improve immunity during treatment.
Countermeasures: Do a good job of vaccination for immunosuppressive diseases; refrain from feeding moldy and degenerative feed, add mycotoxin adsorbents to feed, such as mildew, etc.; use immune synergists to improve immunity; currently, there are immune boosters used. Traditional Chinese medicine preparations mainly composed of polysaccharides, such as astragalus polysaccharides, lentinan, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, dangshen polysaccharides, etc. Cytokine preparations such as interferon, interleukin, transfer factor, immune ribonucleic acid and thymosin, phytohemagglutinin, etc. In addition, there are levamisole, vitamins, etc., can activate cellular immune activity, regulate immune function, enhance immunity; strengthen feeding management, do a good job of sanitation, reduce stress, create a good small environment for the pig .
4 Some diseases are medicine-free
According to the cause of the disease, swine diseases can be divided into infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medical diseases, and obstetrics, among which 75% are infectious diseases. So far, many infectious diseases have no effective treatment of drugs, especially viral infections, and they have more than enough power in terms of treatment. Such as foot-and-mouth disease, circovirus infection. Therefore, the difficulty of treatment can be imagined for a disease with no effective treatment.
Countermeasures: Prevention is the mainstay. If you have a good vaccine, you can use a vaccine to prevent infection and reduce the incidence of such diseases. Once onset, to control the secondary infection and improve the body resistance, at the same time, emergency vaccination can be an important means of controlling viral diseases.
5 Problems with the quality of veterinary drugs
Although 1464 production companies in China have passed GMP certification, the quality of veterinary drugs is still not optimistic. In the list of unqualified veterinary drug companies announced by the Ministry of Agriculture each time, so-called well-known companies have also been listed on the list for many times, not to mention those of deck companies. At present, veterinary drugs have the following major problems: the production and distribution of counterfeit veterinary drugs; the addition of illicit drug ingredients, such as antiviral western medicine; insufficient content, and some even can not find the drug ingredients; packaging labeling drugs and actual drugs contained in different; add unknown substances, Disruption of the normal detection of veterinary drugs. Therefore, the effect can be imagined by taking counterfeit veterinary drugs and insufficient veterinary drugs to treat diseases.
Countermeasures: Select a veterinary drug company product that has credibility, popularity, and approval, and pay close attention to the list of unqualified veterinary drug companies and product names issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time, the management of veterinary drug administration should strengthen supervision and prohibit the production and circulation of fake and inferior veterinary drugs. Only by starting from production, circulation, and other links, can we effectively curb the circulation of counterfeit and inferior veterinary drugs.
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