Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus disease is a devastating disease of the cucurbit crop. At present, it is a critical period for the cultivation and grafting of West melons. All localities must seize the points of prevention and control and implement preventive measures to lay a good foundation for the production of cantaloupe in the whole year.
It is understood that since 2011, some of the watermelon planting areas in our province have been diagnosed with cucumber green mosaic mottle virus disease, the loss of the base of heavy disease production loss of more than 30%, serious or even no harvest, and has aggravated the proliferation trend, the loss of large melon farmers Affect the healthy development of the West melon industry. The department of agriculture in our province organized investigations and discussions and organized relevant experts to discuss the issue and put forward “emphasizing the key to ensuring that technology is in place and focusing on prevention. We must seize the two sources of seeds and seedlings, and resolutely eliminate the purchase of poisoned watermelon and rootstock seeds. , It is forbidden to export seedlings in the affected area. The large producers do a good job in soil disinfection, pruning, prevention and control of diseases and pests, and the implementation of crop rotations for more than three years.
1, the symptoms of the disease
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus disease can occur in both plantlets and adult plants. The infested watermelon plants grew slowly, with irregular fading or yellowish leaves, the green part protruding from the surface, the leaf surface uneven, and the leaf margins curled up, followed by dark green and convex spots, and the symptoms of aging decreased with the leaves; The diseased vine grows stagnant and wilts. In severe cases, the whole plant turns yellow and cannot normally grow and die. The fruit stems often show brown necrotic streaks. The fruit surface has inconspicuous thick green round spots and sometimes grows darker green tumors that are not so obvious. Hey. Compared with normal watermelon, the disease is flexible and the sound is blunt when slapped. The flesh around the flesh is yellow water-stained, and there are massive yellow fibers inside. The flesh of the flesh is fibrotic. The flesh around the seed turns reddish-red or dark-red water-splitting. The flesh of the mature fruit turns dark red and there are plenty of holes in it. Loofah-like, commonly known as "blood flesh", bitter can not eat, lose its economic value.
2, the transmission route
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus disease mainly uses seed and contagious infection as the main route. Grafting, field operations, and soil contaminants can all be transmitted. The virus can live in soil for more than one year.
According to the investigation and analysis, the purchase of poisoned watermelon rootstock seeds was the source of infection of the disease in our province, through the intensive grafting and breeding, the sale of infected watermelon grafted seedlings and other means to spread, some of the old watermelon production areas of nursery, grafting and pruning Farming operations, as well as soil contamination with continuous cropping, have exacerbated the spread of the disease.
3, prevention measures
(1) Control the source and curb the spread. Sales of good seeds are prohibited, and the selling of poisonous seeds is strictly forbidden, and diseased seedlings are strictly prohibited for export. The rootstock seeds and watermelon seeds with dry heat-treated labels should be purchased and quarantine certificates must be obtained; test seed seeds that have not been sterilized by dry heat treatment are not provided arbitrarily. The grower does not arbitrarily test the seeds of unknown origin, and the test field is isolated as far as possible. .
(2) Cultivate disease-free strong seedlings. Seeds must be disinfected before sowing (wash with 10% trisodium phosphite for 10 minutes). The tools used for grafting should be fully sterilized (steam fumigation, or 40% formalin 100 times) to avoid contact with infection. The diseased seedlings were found to be submitted for inspection in time and were destroyed after confirmation. The seedlings that had not passed the test were not in the nursery, ensuring that no virus seedlings were allowed to enter the field. Carefully nurture strong seedlings to improve disease resistance of seedlings.
(3) Pay attention to crop rotation and soil treatment. Watermelon field should choose the area where the surrounding plots have no disease on the previous year and the upstream water source is clean. More than 3 years of crop rotation or flooded or dry crop rotation is adopted in the incidence field. For soils with mild disease and continuous cropping in the last year, soil disinfection should be done well. Soil treatment can be done with 100-150 kg of lime or 25 kg of lime nitrogen per mu.
(4) Strengthen cultivation management. Through agronomic measures, create appropriate temperature and humidity environmental conditions for growth of watermelon, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, trace fertilizers, and spray zinc sulfate on leaves to enhance plant resistance; find diseased plants to be removed in a timely manner and centralize destruction; pruning, topping, Agricultural operations such as pollination and fruit picking should prevent human cross-infection and virus transmission.
(5) Do a good job of chemical control. After spraying or spraying, antiviral agents are sprayed for prevention and treatment. In the early stage of onset, 5% spores can be sprayed with WP 300 times, 7.5% spores with morpholine sputum 700-800 times, 30% morpholinium copper wettable powder 500 times, or with plant viruses. Chemical agent 912, 75 grams per acre plus 1 kilogram of boiling water for 12 hours, stir well, add 15 kg of fresh water spray.
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