Last autumn and winter season, precipitation in the northeastern region was less than usual, soil moisture was insufficient, and drought conditions were heavy. There are more rain and snow this spring. Temperatures have risen rapidly since early April, and temperatures and precipitation are close to normal. The steering committee of the Soybean Experts of the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, put forward the following guidelines for the sowing of spring soybeans on the basis of full investigation: 1. Strict selection of fine varieties Due to the dry weather last autumn, soybeans may not be normally mature physiologically during harvest. Mechanical threshing increases the possibility of injury to embryos, which can affect the seed germination rate. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly select seeds this spring, it is best to use particle selection, remove the injured seeds, and do a good germination test to ensure that the purity and germination rate meet the standard, select the varieties with good quality, large yield potential, and wide adaptability. It is worth noting that due to global greenhouse effect, the accumulated temperature has increased in recent years. However, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the ripening period of the varieties according to the local meteorological conditions to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of planting in other areas. Otherwise, the moisture content of the seeds will be high during autumn harvest. Cause unnecessary losses.
Second, do a good job before sowing seed treatment First broadcast before the sun species. Sprouts can generally increase the germination rate by about 13%, and the emergence of seedlings can be 2 to 3 days earlier. The second is seed dressing or seed coating. When the temperature is low or when drought occurs, the seeds germinate in the soil for a long time and are susceptible to pests and diseases. Soybean seed coating agents can be used to control the ratio 1:75 to 1:100. Soybean root rot can be controlled by using 50% seed mixture with 0.5% seeds or 50% carbendazim seed dressing with 0.3% seeds. Pest-infested plots should be coated with seeds that contain both bactericidal and insecticidal agents. Without coating seeds, 35% methylthiophosphorus EC should be used for seed dressing to prevent underground pests. Ammonium molybdate can be added to the seed dressing to increase soybean emergence and nitrogen fixation.
Third, the use of appropriate sowing methods to fall before the end of freezing soil moisture shortage, the snowfall this spring more than in previous years. It is recommended that soy fields should avoid taking live snow measures in order to avoid premature evaporation of water and drought in the soil during sowing. The original ridge-card type was not taken from the autumn-turned land, and the ridged land was turned over in autumn to be ridiculed or flat-narrowed and closely planted after the flat-sowing. The poorly soiled soil plots were deep trenches, shallow soil cover, heavy repression, and severe drought. Blocks are planted by inter-vehicle mulching and are continuously operated to prevent the loss of soil water.
Fourth, robbing and planting to fight for a preservation seedlings Although the spring snow this year more, due to the drought last autumn, the bottom squat is still insufficient, we must seize the favorable opportunity for the temperature rise, use the early spring "back to the slurry" robbed sowing. When the soil temperature in the plough layer stably passes 5°C, sowing can be carried out, and continuous operation is performed to prevent the loss of soil water. Deep ditching, shallow cover soil, heavy cracking sowing methods can be adopted. Deeply open the ditch to ensure that the seeds are sown on wet soil and cover the soil evenly. After repression, it will reach 2 cm to ensure consistent sowing depth. After the broadcast, it was suppressed. When soil moisture is suitable, repression should be carried out 2 to 3 hours after sowing; soil moisture should be accompanied by pressure when soil moisture is poor; and soil moisture (water content > 25%) or land after raining should be treated with 2 cm on the surface. When the soil is dry, it will be repressed. Check the fields regularly after sowing. 3 to 5 days after sowing, check the nymphs and take measures to repair the serious land loss. Check the buds before emergence and replant the buds and bad seeds in time. Seedlings after emergence. Affection and pest situation, replanting early-maturing cultivars or pesticides on plots that lack ridges or ridges or suffer from insect pests.
V. Promoting Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization For a long time, many localities rely solely on experience to fertilize, resulting in unbalanced nutrient elements in the soil and production of potassium deficiency and trace elements. To combine the soil testing and formulating fertilization projects implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, adhere to scientific fertilization, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to a certain proportion of formulas according to the results of soil testing. To promote the return of straw to the field, nitrogen fertilizer application in different stages or in a timely manner, according to the soil potassium status, increase potassium fertilizer, and appropriate supplement of magnesium fertilizer. Encourage farmers to apply more fertilizer, combined with site preparation. When fertilizer is used as a fertilizer, it is necessary to deeply plant 4 to 5 cm in order to avoid burning seed. Based on the above fertilization principles, the recommended fertilization rates for different yield targets are as follows: (1) Yield levels of 250 kg/mu: Nitrogen (N) 2.7 to 4 kg/mu, Phosphorus (P2O5) 2.3 to 5 kg/mu, Potash ( K2O) 2.3 to 5 kg/mu. (2) Production level 200 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 2.3-3.7 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 1.5-4.3 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1.5 to 4 kg/mu. (3) Production level 150 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 3 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3.7 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3.3 kg/mu. Six, safe and efficient use of herbicides to local conditions, according to different grasses, scientific and rational choice of safe and efficient chemical weeding methods and herbicides. The drought-prone areas in the central and western regions advocate the weeding of stems and leaves after seedlings. To prevent the occurrence of phytotoxicity, it is not advisable to use fungicides, 2,4-D butyl esters or formulas containing these agents for weed control in white-soil lands, saline-alkali soils, sandy loam soils and soils with large soil moisture. In view of the fact that this year's winter snow is large, warmer and warmer, and conducive to the early germination of perennial weeds, glyphosate can be used to eliminate weeds in the grassy stage before sowing of soybeans, which can effectively improve the “chocolate†, "Prickly Bean" and other perennial root weed control. Before weeding, weeding and weed control, if the soil moisture is better, weeding herbicide according to the normal herbicide dosage instructions, soybean field can use acetochlor, isopropyl chloramine, metolachlor, allylate, propynoxa (fast Receive) and other agents. If the soil moisture is poor, closed weeding is not recommended. Post-emergence stem and leaf weeding, can be used fine quizalofop, high-efficiency flupirtine (high efficiency GaiSuo), spermylpyridinium (fine stable kill), fomeid, acridine, Benda Pine and other pharmaceutical agents. The prevention and control of "Sorchi sauerkraut" and "Stila oleifera" stems and leaves are the first time that the first compound leaf of soybean is fully expanded, which can increase the control effect and reduce the phytotoxicity. Toadstool stems and leaves control, we must use when weeds just germinated. It is best not to use long-lasting herbicides such as Pust, Tosulfuron, Huwei, Kulasuqing, and Guangweiling.
VII. Scientifically Preventing Diseases and Insect Pests This year's continuing warm winter is extremely beneficial to the safe wintering of soybean pathogens and eggs, and soybean diseases and insect pests may be emphasized. According to the local pest situation and the main target of prevention and treatment, targeted selection of seed coating agents, the full implementation of soybean seed coating. In the area with severe occurrence of Liriomyza fruticosa in the two leafhoppers and snake roots, 35% Dovecote seed coating agent (carbofuran content must reach 10%) was used to control the occurrence of root rot caused by insect injury. In areas where underground pests are lighter, a 2.5% Couloxin coating may be used to control soybean root rot. In the area where the soybean cyst nematode is heavy, it is necessary to implement crop rotation or planting resistant varieties with non-bean crops for more than five years. To control soybean root flies, we must seize the young nymphs that have not yet been fixed. We use 75% imidacloprid 3 g plus 48% chlorpyrifos 60 ml per mu, and apply twice before unfolding the cotyledon of the soybean and cotyledons. In the case of serious land masses, phytophos and chlorpyrifos should be applied to the field with the seed fertilizer for prevention. This spring should increase the prevention of pests such as two leafhoppers, Mongolian grey weevil, reticulata sand beetle and spotted beard. Can be used 3% acetamipril 50 ml per mu watered 30 to 50 liters spray control. Tigers can be used in the early stage of seedling killing with green grass, cutting green grass at intervals of 5 meters piled up, spraying 80% of dichlorvos at the bottom of the heap 300 times, can also be carried out by hand to kill. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of baits to control rodents after emergence.
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