Affected by extreme low-temperature weather in winter this year, the resistance and disease resistance of wheat will decrease, and the occurrence rate of sheath blight will further increase. It is predicted that this year, wheat sheath blight in the main wheat planting areas will occur more seriously.
Wheat sheath blight is a common disease in wheat areas in China. After infected by S. solani, the rotten buds, diseased seedlings, rotten stalks of flowers, and white-spikes of dry plants appeared in each stage of growth. It can generally result in a reduction of production by about 10% and a serious increase of more than 40%. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out appropriate prevention and control in order to ensure that wheat will increase its yield.
First, the symptoms:
Rhizoctonia is a soil-borne disease that occurs in every growing period of wheat.
1 Decay shoots: The coleoptiles appear brown at the seedling stage of wheat, and then the malt is dead and rot and cannot be unearthed.
2 Dead seedlings of diseased plants: Most occurred in the 3 to 4 leaf stage of wheat. The first leaf sheath exhibited a gray spot with central gray and brown edges on the first leaf sheath. Afterwards, dead seedlings were not found due to no new leaves.
3 Flower stem rot stalk: After returning green jointing, the leaf sheath of the base produces lesions that are gray in the middle and light brown on the edges. Multiple lesions are connected to form a mottled flower stalk. When the humidity is high, spider silky white mycelium and brownish sclerotia are visible on the inside of the diseased leaf sheath and on the stem.
4 lodging: due to severe stem disease, rot, post-ly easy to cause lodging.
5 Scutellariae Spike: The main stem and O. stipendum with severe disease in the late stage often fail to produce spikes and form "dry booting spikes." Although some of them are capable of heading, they are reduced in fertility, and the grains are thin, forming "dry white spikes".
Second, the pathogen and the law of incidence
A basidiomycete subgroup, cyanobacteria, CAG-1, and other dominant hyphal fusion groups. The pathogenic bacteria used sclerotia or sclerotia to overwinter or grow in summer on the soil and diseased bodies, and began to infect when the temperature and humidity were adjusted properly after sowing.
Wheat sheath blight is a typical soil-borne disease. Pathogens mainly use sclerotia and mycelium to overwinter in soil or diseased bodies as the primary source of infection in the second year; Decomposed organic fertilizer can also be transmitted disease. In addition, agricultural operations can also be spread.
There are two peak periods in the field of winter wheat sheath blight:
The first one is in the pre-winter autumn seedling period. After the summer and summer germs infested the seedlings, they began to see lesions before and after the three-leaf stage. The diseased planting rate was generally below 10% during the pre-wintering period, and some of the early-planting plots were up to 10%-20%. The site of infection was mainly leaf sheaths that contacted the soil. The disease occurred near or slightly above the soil surface. This part of the disease was the main source of white spikes in the later period.
The second one is during the reversal of the spring wheat. It is generally from late February to early April. As the temperature gradually rises, the bacteria begin to infest a large number of bacteria, and the mycelium produced by the diseased part spreads around and causes reinfection. From mid-April to early May, with the jointing of plants, the extension of the internodes of the base, and the spread of germs, the diseased area developed upwards, and the stems were invaded from the surface and inwards, and the severity increased. The peak period is from the late jointing stage to the booting stage.
Third, prevention and control measures
When the disease rate of wheat sheath blight is up to 10%, it should be immediately controlled by spraying. It can use 240g/L of Thioferamide suspension 20ml, or 10% of Jinggang wax suspension suspension 150~200g, or 30. % of benzopropiconazole EC from 20 to 30 ml, 12.5% ​​of diniconazole WP from 45 to 60 g, optionally one of the above doses, after secondary dilution, 30 to 40 kg of water, with dew in the morning At the same time, the spray was directed at the base of the wheat plant, and the replanting field was applied again after 7-10 days.
It is recommended to use 150 grams of high-purity phosphorus and potassium source pools per acre for foliar dressing in order to improve the stress resistance of wheat.
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