With the rapid development of new rural construction and modern agriculture, greenhouse vegetable development has entered a new round of peaks. However, newly-developed greenhouses have been directly adjusted from the grain fields and have poor soil fertility, and they cannot meet the needs for high-quality and high-yield vegetable production. Secondly, the new farmers have low levels of cultivation and management techniques, and they are blind to large inputs and are prone to cause NPK. Problems such as maladjusted supply of nutrients, severe soil-borne diseases and pests, etc. Therefore, the scientific guidance of new vegetable farmers on soil fertigation and management in new greenhouses has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. The main means to improve soil fertility is to increase organic fertilizer. The types, characteristics, and applications of organic fertilizers are described below:
Farmyard fertilizer: including manure, cake fertilizer, green manure, straw return, mud, compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, etc. It has a wide range of raw material sources, easy access to materials on site, low cost, and can not only provide complete nutrition for crops after application, but also has long fertilizer effect, can increase and update soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics. , is a good source of fertilizer for vegetable cultivation.
Farmyard fertilizers are mainly used as base fertilizers. Newly-built greenhouses should be farmed with more manure, and the whole layer should be spread and mixed with soil. The depth of fertilizer application should be 10-20 cm, and the recommended amount should be 2000-5000 kg per mu. Before the application of farmyard manure, heap rot fermentation should be carried out to prevent pest eggs, pathogens and weed seeds from being brought into the vegetable field.
Commodity organic fertilizer: livestock manure, animal and plant residues, foods containing no synthetic additives, industrial organic by-products, preservative-free fish residue, cattle wool waste, bone meal, amino acid residue, poultry livestock processing waste The raw materials that are rich in organic matter, such as sugar mill wastes, are the main raw materials. The organic fertilizers produced by factory production are characterized by relatively high nutrient content and stable quality. The main types and applications are:
Refined organic fertilizers (microorganisms with no specific function to provide organic matter and a small amount of nutrients) are generally used as base fertilizers and can also be used as top dressings. Base fertilizer is generally based on different soil fertility to Mushi 300 to 1500 kg, while the application of traditional organic fertilizer and a small amount of NPK complex fertilizer effect will be better.
Bioorganic fertilizers (except for high organic matter and small amounts of nutrients, but also contain beneficial bacteria with specific functions, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate release, potassium release, resistance to soil diseases, etc.) are non-toxic, harmless, and do not pollute the environment. The life activities of specific microorganisms increase the nutrition of crops or produce growth stimulants for crops, promote crop growth, reduce diseases, etc., and are the preferred fertilizers for vegetable fields in greenhouses. When applied, it should be combined with traditional organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to meet the nutritional needs of vegetables.
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizers (comprised of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, containing both a certain percentage of organic matter and high nutrients, with a total N, P and K ≥ 15). The nutrient content is high, and the amount of base fertilizer should be less than Refined organic fertilizer; can also be applied top dressing according to the situation.
Microbial fertilizer: refers to a specific product made of beneficial microorganisms and enriched with active microorganisms. The application of such fertilizers can supplement and promote the breeding of beneficial microbial populations, improve the soil micro-ecological environment, and inhibit or control the occurrence of soil-borne pests and diseases. There are many types. Different types have different effects. However, it is necessary for microorganisms to survive and multiply in the soil to play their due role, among which soil organic matter is the deciding condition. Microbial fertilizers cannot replace chemical fertilizers. Continuous high yields of vegetables cannot overly depend on microbial fertilizers.
Microbial fertilizers are liquid and solid. Application can be divided into seed dressing, soaking, spraying, rooting and root irrigation and other methods. The amount of mu is about 1 to 2 kg.
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