The temperature in winter is low, the weather is cold, the temperature difference is large, the rainfall is small, and there is fog and haze. In such weather conditions, vegetables are prone to gray mold, sclerotinia, plague, downy mildew, etc., affecting the yield and quality of vegetables. To reduce the farmers' planting benefits. The characteristics and prevention and control measures of the main diseases of vegetables during autumn and winter are briefly described below for reference by farmers.
First, gray mold
Occurrence characteristics:
Botrytis cinerea is a disease that is more common and more serious in the cultivation of vegetables, especially in greenhouses, especially for eggplant, tomato, pepper, cucumber, and kidney beans. Generally, the incidence is heavy before and after the flowering period. The disease is a low-temperature disease, which is rapid and severe under the conditions of 10 ° C ~ 15 ° C, rainy days and high humidity.
Prevention and control measures:
In addition to agricultural measures such as clearing ditch draining, ventilating and venting, and removing residual leaves of diseased plants, it is necessary to take timely chemical control. The agent can be sprayed with 50% boscalid water dispersing granules 1250 times, 40% suspending agent 800 times, 42.8% Luna Sen 2000 times, 50% quick keling 1500 times, etc., 7 to 10 days once in a row 2 ~3 times better. At the same time, attention should be paid to the alternate use of the above-mentioned medicaments, thereby avoiding or delaying the generation of drug resistance and improving the comprehensive control effect against gray mold.
Second, sclerotinia
Occurrence characteristics:
The pathogens are mainly left in the soil by sclerotia or mixed in the seeds for wintering or summering. The temperature is around 20 °C, and the relative humidity above 85% is conducive to the development of pathogens. From October to December, it is the peak incidence of autumn and winter. The occurrence of this disease is closely related to the cultivation system. It is easy to increase the incidence of vegetables such as cruciferae, legumes, and Solanaceae in successive years. Poor drainage, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and long leaves of plants cause poor ventilation in the field, often aggravating the incidence.
Prevention and control measures:
Strengthen field management, if greenhouse cultivation should control the temperature and humidity in the shed, timely release of air and humidity, especially to prevent rapid increase of humidity in the night shed; second, reasonable control of watering and fertilization, generally watering in the morning and timely opening and shed; The third is to cover the shed in time before the cold current invasion, in order to prevent the plants from being induced by freezing; the fourth is to clean the pastoral area, and find that the diseased plants are removed in time, and they are taken out of the field for deep burial or burning; % sclerotia net WP, 80% mancozeb WP, 50% iprodione SC, 43% tebuconazole SC, 2% nymidine AS, 45% prochloraz EC or 70% methyl thiophanate WP Wait, use the drug once every 7 to 10 days for 2-3 times.
Third, cotton blight
Occurrence characteristics:
In addition to harming eggplant, cotton blight also harms cucumber, melon and legume vegetables. The endangered eggplant is more serious, which is mainly harmful to the fruit. At the beginning of the disease, the fruit surface is a water-soaked round lesion. After the enlargement, the lesion becomes yellow-brown, the diseased part is slightly sunken, the fruit is rotted and black, and the disease fruit is easy to fall off.
Prevention and control measures:
If there is continuous rain during the period, it should be used as a key period for the prevention and treatment of eggplant blight. The agent can choose 60% manganese zinc · flumorph, 23.4% dipropionamide, 72% manganese zinc · frost urine, 64% antivirus cockroach, 68.7% easy to protect, 50% dimethomorph and 58% nail cream · Manganese zinc, 25% metalaxyl and the like.
Fourth, downy mildew
Occurrence characteristics:
The disease is the most important disease that harms cucumbers, mainly harming the leaves. It is characterized by watery, light green spots at the beginning of the leaves, and the spots quickly and yellow under dry and high temperature. The disease requires low-temperature and high-humidity environmental conditions, and the shed facilities often meet this condition during the autumn and winter alternation, so it is necessary to pay attention.
Prevention and control measures:
We must do a good job in the prevention and control of cucumber fruiting. The medicament is the same as the medicament for controlling mites.
Planters who are cold in winter weather should not forget to do a good job in pest control. As long as they are managed regularly, they can produce high yield and stability and improve planting efficiency.
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