I. Cultivation of seedlings of Pistacia chinensis
1. Seed harvesting and processing. When the small stone fruit turns from red to green in October, it can be harvested. After the ear is picked, it is beaten and threshed, dried and dried, screened to remove impurities and used for seedlings. Autumn sowing seeds with the mining with the broadcast, no germination treatment; spring sowing seeds need wet sand layer accelerating buds.
2. Site preparation. Choose yin-yang, soil fertile, sandy loam or loam land plots. Mushi farmyard fertilizer 4000 to 5000 kg. The nursery is fine and smooth, and it is 1 meter wide. After the water is poured, it should be slightly dry, and it should be sowed. Row spacing 25 ~ 30 cm, broadcast amplitude 5 ~ 6 cm, ditch depth 3 cm, the seeds are evenly scattered into the ditch, cover soil 2 ~ 3 cm thick, gently suppress. Covering the grass to prevent soil compaction. After the emergence of the seedlings, the grass was removed.
3. Seedling management. Seedling period weeding soil, seedlings can be set at 10 cm high, seedling spacing 10 to 15 cm, while top dressing, irrigation 2 to 3 times to promote growth. Generally, it needs 8 to 10 kilograms of seed per acre and 1 to 15,000 strains of seedlings. When the diameter of the seedlings reaches 0.7 to 1.0 cm, they can be grafted.
Second, grafting can be used T-shaped bud, square buds, with xylem buds, seedlings grafted and large trees inserted high access.
1. Grafting period. With xylem budding, seedling grafting, and large tree cuttings were carried out before the spring rootstocks were planted; T-shaped buds and square buds were planted in the growing season from May to August.
2. Scion selection, collection and storage. The middle and upper part of the circumference of the pistachio tree canopy, robust growth, no pests and diseases, and the middle and lower branches with a diameter of 0.8 to 1 cm and full and full of buds were selected for scion. The seedling grafts in spring and the grafting of large trees were sowed by 1 to 2 years of dormancy; they were collected before the sprouting of pistachios in late March. After the shoots were collected, they were cut into 10 to 15 cm long stem sections, and each section was guaranteed to have 3 to 4 full shoots. After the wax was washed and sealed, the labels were placed to indicate the species and sex. If the scion is collected earlier, it can be stored in the cellar. Grafted scion in summer and autumn, selected strong branches that were born that year, immediately cut leaves after harvest, leave 1 cm long petioles, wrapped in wet cloth or put into buckets for use.
3. Rootstock selection. T-shaped sprouts, square buds, and buds with xylem buds selected from 2 to 3 years old and DBH 0.7 to 1.5 cm were used as rootstocks; seedlings were grafted and selected from 2 to 3 years old P. chinensis seedlings with DBH 1.5 cm or more as rootstocks; Pi Gao then choose the main branch or trunk diameter of 5 ~ 15 cm, medium and young Pistacia for stock.
4. Grafting operation.
(1) T-shaped bud connection. When grafting, select the smooth bark of rootstock to cross a knife, deep to the xylem, and then cut the cortex 1 to 1.2 cm along the middle of the transverse incision, deep to the xylem. Hand-held scion sticks, cross-cut a knife 0.5 to 1.0 centimeters above the shoots to be grafted, diagonally cut longitudinally at each side of the shoots, and cut 1 to 1.5 centimeters under buds to make the buds wedge-shaped. The incisions are deep to the xylem. Hold the bud on the petiole and gently twist the strip. After removing the bud, quickly insert the T-shaped incision of the rootstock and gently push the bud downward to make the bud and the rootstock cross incisions fit. However, the plastic strips are tied tightly from bottom to top, leaving only the buds (and petioles) exposed. 10 to 15 days later, check the survival of budding. When the petiole was gently hit by the hand, the shedding of the petiole indicated the survival of the bud.
(2) Block buds. In the smooth part of the root bark, they are cut and slit with a double-edged knife, reaching deep into the xylem. Hand-held scion sticks were cut transversely at 0.5-1.0 cm above the shoots, and then cut on both sides. Hold the bud on the petiole and gently peel it off. After removing the bud, quickly apply the bud buds to the peeled root bark and gently press it gently to connect the bud with the rootstock. Then use a plastic strip to lower the bud. The upper lashings are tight, leaving only the buds (and petioles) exposed.
(3) with wooden buds. Grafting first selected buds in the grafting site of the rootstock. From the top of the bud 1 to 1.2 centimeters, slightly wood cutting down to 0.5 centimeters from the bud, cut from 1.0 centimeters below the bud to the bottom of the first knife. Hold the scion upside down and cut it slightly forward with 1 to 1.2 centimeters above the full shoot to 0.5 centimeters below the shoot. Then cut 1.2 centimeters from the shoot to the first cut bottom to take off the wedge-shaped buds at the base. sheet. The buds are quickly embedded on the anvil cut surface, aligned to form a layer (both sides or at least one side), and then tied with a plastic strip from bottom to top, leaving only the bud eyes (and petiole) exposed. Leave 10-15 cm long anvils above the interface and cut off the anvil tips.
(4) seedlings grafted. In the smooth and smooth place of the rootstock, cut it, flatten the section with a knife, cut a knife on one side, and reach deep into the xylem, 3 cm long. Cut the scion into 3 to 5 centimeters of a horse-shaped slant, which is 2/3 deeper than the branch, and the slant should be smooth. The tip of the cortex should not be loose and cling to the xylem. Cut a knife on both sides of the dorsal end of the incline so that the lower end of the scion is arrow-shaped, gently scrape the wax layer on both sides and the back of the noodles (spring grafting) and a little skin, and then hold the scion in one hand and pinch the rootstock incision with the thumb. The scion cuts its face against the xylem, and the tip is aligned with the kerf, slowly inserting, causing the interface to crack and the upper end exposed to white 0.2 centimeters. Finally tie it tightly with plastic strips, and use a plastic bag to cover the interface and scion moisture.
(5) The tree is inserted high. Select vigorously growing young and middle-aged Pistacia chinensis, and cut off at the base of the main branch 30 to 40 centimeters from the trunk or 80 to 120 centimeters from the ground at the smooth bark of the bark before grafting. Cut the cross section with a sharp graft knife or an electrician knife. . The grafting knife is used to cut off the old skin of the main branch or trunk of the grafted joint, and a knife is cut along the main branch or trunk and is 4 to 5 cm long. Cut the base of the scion a 4 to 5 cm long, horse-shaped bevel, deeper than 2/3 of the thick, the slope should be smooth, the tip of the cortex is not loose, close to the xylem. Gently scrape off the wax layer and a few skin layers on both sides of the noodles, and then hand-held the scion, slowly insert the rootstock incision, cut the scion face to the xylem, the tip of the cutting joint, causing the interface to crack, the upper end of the exposed white 0.3 to 0.5 cm. Press the rootstock skin by hand, bind it tightly with a plastic strip, and use a plastic bag to cover the interface and the scion.
Third, after the management of grafted survival should be promptly loosened and untied, tied to the pillars, anvil, in addition to Meng.
IV. Grafting Precautions
1. Pistachio nuts and Pistacia chinensis are rich in tannin and other substances in the body. The cut surface is easily oxidized to form a layer of isolation membrane in the air, which hinders the formation of callus and the circulation of nutrients between the rootstock and the scion, thereby reducing the graft survival rate. Therefore, when grafting, the knife should be sharp and try to speed up the cutting of the anvil and cutting the scion as much as possible so that the cutting surface of the cutting is reduced as much as possible in the air, and the surface of the knife must be wiped off with a clean cloth or toilet paper at any time. cloth.
2. No matter what kind of grafting, you should choose sunny days from 9 am to 11 am and from 3 pm to 5 pm. Avoid grafting in rainy, cloudy, humid or windy weather.
Author: College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei
1. Seed harvesting and processing. When the small stone fruit turns from red to green in October, it can be harvested. After the ear is picked, it is beaten and threshed, dried and dried, screened to remove impurities and used for seedlings. Autumn sowing seeds with the mining with the broadcast, no germination treatment; spring sowing seeds need wet sand layer accelerating buds.
2. Site preparation. Choose yin-yang, soil fertile, sandy loam or loam land plots. Mushi farmyard fertilizer 4000 to 5000 kg. The nursery is fine and smooth, and it is 1 meter wide. After the water is poured, it should be slightly dry, and it should be sowed. Row spacing 25 ~ 30 cm, broadcast amplitude 5 ~ 6 cm, ditch depth 3 cm, the seeds are evenly scattered into the ditch, cover soil 2 ~ 3 cm thick, gently suppress. Covering the grass to prevent soil compaction. After the emergence of the seedlings, the grass was removed.
3. Seedling management. Seedling period weeding soil, seedlings can be set at 10 cm high, seedling spacing 10 to 15 cm, while top dressing, irrigation 2 to 3 times to promote growth. Generally, it needs 8 to 10 kilograms of seed per acre and 1 to 15,000 strains of seedlings. When the diameter of the seedlings reaches 0.7 to 1.0 cm, they can be grafted.
Second, grafting can be used T-shaped bud, square buds, with xylem buds, seedlings grafted and large trees inserted high access.
1. Grafting period. With xylem budding, seedling grafting, and large tree cuttings were carried out before the spring rootstocks were planted; T-shaped buds and square buds were planted in the growing season from May to August.
2. Scion selection, collection and storage. The middle and upper part of the circumference of the pistachio tree canopy, robust growth, no pests and diseases, and the middle and lower branches with a diameter of 0.8 to 1 cm and full and full of buds were selected for scion. The seedling grafts in spring and the grafting of large trees were sowed by 1 to 2 years of dormancy; they were collected before the sprouting of pistachios in late March. After the shoots were collected, they were cut into 10 to 15 cm long stem sections, and each section was guaranteed to have 3 to 4 full shoots. After the wax was washed and sealed, the labels were placed to indicate the species and sex. If the scion is collected earlier, it can be stored in the cellar. Grafted scion in summer and autumn, selected strong branches that were born that year, immediately cut leaves after harvest, leave 1 cm long petioles, wrapped in wet cloth or put into buckets for use.
3. Rootstock selection. T-shaped sprouts, square buds, and buds with xylem buds selected from 2 to 3 years old and DBH 0.7 to 1.5 cm were used as rootstocks; seedlings were grafted and selected from 2 to 3 years old P. chinensis seedlings with DBH 1.5 cm or more as rootstocks; Pi Gao then choose the main branch or trunk diameter of 5 ~ 15 cm, medium and young Pistacia for stock.
4. Grafting operation.
(1) T-shaped bud connection. When grafting, select the smooth bark of rootstock to cross a knife, deep to the xylem, and then cut the cortex 1 to 1.2 cm along the middle of the transverse incision, deep to the xylem. Hand-held scion sticks, cross-cut a knife 0.5 to 1.0 centimeters above the shoots to be grafted, diagonally cut longitudinally at each side of the shoots, and cut 1 to 1.5 centimeters under buds to make the buds wedge-shaped. The incisions are deep to the xylem. Hold the bud on the petiole and gently twist the strip. After removing the bud, quickly insert the T-shaped incision of the rootstock and gently push the bud downward to make the bud and the rootstock cross incisions fit. However, the plastic strips are tied tightly from bottom to top, leaving only the buds (and petioles) exposed. 10 to 15 days later, check the survival of budding. When the petiole was gently hit by the hand, the shedding of the petiole indicated the survival of the bud.
(2) Block buds. In the smooth part of the root bark, they are cut and slit with a double-edged knife, reaching deep into the xylem. Hand-held scion sticks were cut transversely at 0.5-1.0 cm above the shoots, and then cut on both sides. Hold the bud on the petiole and gently peel it off. After removing the bud, quickly apply the bud buds to the peeled root bark and gently press it gently to connect the bud with the rootstock. Then use a plastic strip to lower the bud. The upper lashings are tight, leaving only the buds (and petioles) exposed.
(3) with wooden buds. Grafting first selected buds in the grafting site of the rootstock. From the top of the bud 1 to 1.2 centimeters, slightly wood cutting down to 0.5 centimeters from the bud, cut from 1.0 centimeters below the bud to the bottom of the first knife. Hold the scion upside down and cut it slightly forward with 1 to 1.2 centimeters above the full shoot to 0.5 centimeters below the shoot. Then cut 1.2 centimeters from the shoot to the first cut bottom to take off the wedge-shaped buds at the base. sheet. The buds are quickly embedded on the anvil cut surface, aligned to form a layer (both sides or at least one side), and then tied with a plastic strip from bottom to top, leaving only the bud eyes (and petiole) exposed. Leave 10-15 cm long anvils above the interface and cut off the anvil tips.
(4) seedlings grafted. In the smooth and smooth place of the rootstock, cut it, flatten the section with a knife, cut a knife on one side, and reach deep into the xylem, 3 cm long. Cut the scion into 3 to 5 centimeters of a horse-shaped slant, which is 2/3 deeper than the branch, and the slant should be smooth. The tip of the cortex should not be loose and cling to the xylem. Cut a knife on both sides of the dorsal end of the incline so that the lower end of the scion is arrow-shaped, gently scrape the wax layer on both sides and the back of the noodles (spring grafting) and a little skin, and then hold the scion in one hand and pinch the rootstock incision with the thumb. The scion cuts its face against the xylem, and the tip is aligned with the kerf, slowly inserting, causing the interface to crack and the upper end exposed to white 0.2 centimeters. Finally tie it tightly with plastic strips, and use a plastic bag to cover the interface and scion moisture.
(5) The tree is inserted high. Select vigorously growing young and middle-aged Pistacia chinensis, and cut off at the base of the main branch 30 to 40 centimeters from the trunk or 80 to 120 centimeters from the ground at the smooth bark of the bark before grafting. Cut the cross section with a sharp graft knife or an electrician knife. . The grafting knife is used to cut off the old skin of the main branch or trunk of the grafted joint, and a knife is cut along the main branch or trunk and is 4 to 5 cm long. Cut the base of the scion a 4 to 5 cm long, horse-shaped bevel, deeper than 2/3 of the thick, the slope should be smooth, the tip of the cortex is not loose, close to the xylem. Gently scrape off the wax layer and a few skin layers on both sides of the noodles, and then hand-held the scion, slowly insert the rootstock incision, cut the scion face to the xylem, the tip of the cutting joint, causing the interface to crack, the upper end of the exposed white 0.3 to 0.5 cm. Press the rootstock skin by hand, bind it tightly with a plastic strip, and use a plastic bag to cover the interface and the scion.
Third, after the management of grafted survival should be promptly loosened and untied, tied to the pillars, anvil, in addition to Meng.
IV. Grafting Precautions
1. Pistachio nuts and Pistacia chinensis are rich in tannin and other substances in the body. The cut surface is easily oxidized to form a layer of isolation membrane in the air, which hinders the formation of callus and the circulation of nutrients between the rootstock and the scion, thereby reducing the graft survival rate. Therefore, when grafting, the knife should be sharp and try to speed up the cutting of the anvil and cutting the scion as much as possible so that the cutting surface of the cutting is reduced as much as possible in the air, and the surface of the knife must be wiped off with a clean cloth or toilet paper at any time. cloth.
2. No matter what kind of grafting, you should choose sunny days from 9 am to 11 am and from 3 pm to 5 pm. Avoid grafting in rainy, cloudy, humid or windy weather.
Author: College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei