Since May, high-temperature weather has appeared, sometimes as high as 35°C. If the hot weather continues, it will bring certain high-temperature heat damage to the production of pepper and other crops, and the high-temperature heat damage will prevent it. The relevant knowledge is described below.
I. Requirements of pepper growth on temperature
Pepper has the characteristics of hi-heat, high temperature, and sunshine-like exposure. The demand for temperature in the whole growth period is 12-34°C, the growth temperature range is 15-34°C, the optimum temperature is 23-28°C during the day, and night time is 16- 20°C, ground temperature 20-28°C. Different growth stages of pepper have different temperature requirements. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-30°C. If the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 10°C, it will not be able to germinate. The best is 25-28°C; the seedling stage may be slightly lower during the daytime. -25°C, 15-22°C at night; flowering results are 23-27°C during the day and 18-23°C during the night. Sometimes, the cloudy night temperature drops to 13-17°C, which is still conducive to fruit growth. Pepper grows slowly at 15°C and cannot stand fruit. Growth stops below 10°C. Below 5°C, plants are subjected to different degrees of frost damage, causing plants to grow. death. However, if the temperature is above 35°C and the ground temperature is above 30°C, the root system will be damaged, resulting in poor development of pollen, resulting in failure of normal fertilization and fruiting and fruit failure. Above 36°C, the growth basically stops.
Second, the symptoms of high temperature heat damage
If the daytime temperature exceeds 35°C, even reaches 40°C, the duration of the peppers exceeds 4 hours, and the nighttime temperature is above 20°C, accompanied by air drying and soil water shortage, it will cause plant leaf epidermis. The tissue cells are burned, causing damage to the stems and leaves. The leaves appear yellow to light yellow-brown irregular lesions. The leaf margins drift white and then turn yellow. The light person only damages the leaf margin, and the heavier person endangers half or even the entire leaf, resulting in permanent wilting or desiccation or even death. During the flowering period, if the temperature is higher than 28-30°C, soil drought will cause flowering and fruit loss, and fruits will suffer from fruit failure. Under open cultivation conditions, the planting density is small, the plants are thin, and the coverage of branches and leaves is poor, and high temperature barriers are also prone to occur.
Third, preventive measures
1. Select heat and disease resistant varieties. According to the local geographical conditions, select the heat-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation.
2. Interplanting with high-crop crops: If interplanting with Seogu, it can play a certain role in shade cooling.
3. Rational fertilization: Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium fertilizer, to promote the vigorous growth of branches and leaves, make it early seal line and reduce the phenomenon of falling fruit and fruit.
4. Covering the sun protection: The pepper plot before transplanting is covered with straw, loose wool, branches, or crop straw between the rows to avoid direct sunlight, protect against heat and reduce the temperature. 4°C.
5. Shed shading: Simple awnings are constructed in the pepper plots. The roof is covered with shade nets or branches and crop straws, which can reduce the temperature by 3-4°C.
6. Timely sprinkler irrigation or deep well water irrigation: watering can both drought and cooling, the relevant experiments show that: timely irrigation in hot weather can effectively improve the microclimate conditions in the field, so that the temperature decreases 1-3 °C, thereby reducing the high temperature on the flower organs and photosynthetic organs Direct damage. Watering time should be selected to water in the morning or evening, avoid watering in the afternoon high temperature time, while paying attention to pouring, drenching, cooling through evaporation heat. If the ditch is used for irrigation, it can be combined with surface water cooling.
7. Foliar spraying fertilizer: In the hot season, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, calcium superphosphate and ash leaching, zinc sulfate, borax, etc. can be used for continuous foliar spraying, which is not only beneficial to cooling and humidification, but also can supplement vegetables. The necessary water and nutrients for growth and development are needed to prevent sunburn. However, when spraying, the spray concentration must be appropriately reduced to increase the amount of water used. During the flowering period, the flowering protective agent was sprayed on the roots, and 0.03 mg/L of chlorophenoxyacetic acid solution was sprayed, which had a certain control effect on the falling flowers caused by high temperature.
I. Requirements of pepper growth on temperature
Pepper has the characteristics of hi-heat, high temperature, and sunshine-like exposure. The demand for temperature in the whole growth period is 12-34°C, the growth temperature range is 15-34°C, the optimum temperature is 23-28°C during the day, and night time is 16- 20°C, ground temperature 20-28°C. Different growth stages of pepper have different temperature requirements. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-30°C. If the temperature is higher than 35°C or lower than 10°C, it will not be able to germinate. The best is 25-28°C; the seedling stage may be slightly lower during the daytime. -25°C, 15-22°C at night; flowering results are 23-27°C during the day and 18-23°C during the night. Sometimes, the cloudy night temperature drops to 13-17°C, which is still conducive to fruit growth. Pepper grows slowly at 15°C and cannot stand fruit. Growth stops below 10°C. Below 5°C, plants are subjected to different degrees of frost damage, causing plants to grow. death. However, if the temperature is above 35°C and the ground temperature is above 30°C, the root system will be damaged, resulting in poor development of pollen, resulting in failure of normal fertilization and fruiting and fruit failure. Above 36°C, the growth basically stops.
Second, the symptoms of high temperature heat damage
If the daytime temperature exceeds 35°C, even reaches 40°C, the duration of the peppers exceeds 4 hours, and the nighttime temperature is above 20°C, accompanied by air drying and soil water shortage, it will cause plant leaf epidermis. The tissue cells are burned, causing damage to the stems and leaves. The leaves appear yellow to light yellow-brown irregular lesions. The leaf margins drift white and then turn yellow. The light person only damages the leaf margin, and the heavier person endangers half or even the entire leaf, resulting in permanent wilting or desiccation or even death. During the flowering period, if the temperature is higher than 28-30°C, soil drought will cause flowering and fruit loss, and fruits will suffer from fruit failure. Under open cultivation conditions, the planting density is small, the plants are thin, and the coverage of branches and leaves is poor, and high temperature barriers are also prone to occur.
Third, preventive measures
1. Select heat and disease resistant varieties. According to the local geographical conditions, select the heat-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation.
2. Interplanting with high-crop crops: If interplanting with Seogu, it can play a certain role in shade cooling.
3. Rational fertilization: Reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium fertilizer, to promote the vigorous growth of branches and leaves, make it early seal line and reduce the phenomenon of falling fruit and fruit.
4. Covering the sun protection: The pepper plot before transplanting is covered with straw, loose wool, branches, or crop straw between the rows to avoid direct sunlight, protect against heat and reduce the temperature. 4°C.
5. Shed shading: Simple awnings are constructed in the pepper plots. The roof is covered with shade nets or branches and crop straws, which can reduce the temperature by 3-4°C.
6. Timely sprinkler irrigation or deep well water irrigation: watering can both drought and cooling, the relevant experiments show that: timely irrigation in hot weather can effectively improve the microclimate conditions in the field, so that the temperature decreases 1-3 °C, thereby reducing the high temperature on the flower organs and photosynthetic organs Direct damage. Watering time should be selected to water in the morning or evening, avoid watering in the afternoon high temperature time, while paying attention to pouring, drenching, cooling through evaporation heat. If the ditch is used for irrigation, it can be combined with surface water cooling.
7. Foliar spraying fertilizer: In the hot season, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, calcium superphosphate and ash leaching, zinc sulfate, borax, etc. can be used for continuous foliar spraying, which is not only beneficial to cooling and humidification, but also can supplement vegetables. The necessary water and nutrients for growth and development are needed to prevent sunburn. However, when spraying, the spray concentration must be appropriately reduced to increase the amount of water used. During the flowering period, the flowering protective agent was sprayed on the roots, and 0.03 mg/L of chlorophenoxyacetic acid solution was sprayed, which had a certain control effect on the falling flowers caused by high temperature.
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