Bitter gourd is an important vegetable species in South China. Because of its high nutritional value, recent studies have shown that bitter gourd fruit extracts have obvious curative effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the planting area is expanding and the market demand is large. In recent years, hybrid breeding of bitter gourd has been carried out in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Fujian, and a number of hybrid generations have been selected. According to our many years of practice of artificial balsam pear hybrid seed production, the key points of seed production technology are summarized below.
1 selection of seed production base
Practice has shown that choosing a good seed production base is a guarantee for the success of bitter gourd hybrid seed production. The excellent bitter gourd seed production base should be located in the ecological area most suitable for the development of bitter gourd.
Bitter gourd is warm, more heat-resistant, not cold, in the higher temperature in summer, still normal flowering results, high soil and air temperature requirements, impatience, avoid water. In cloudy and rainy weather, it can easily lead to poor growth and pests and diseases. Therefore, bitter gourd seeding areas should be selected for areas with adequate sunlight, loose soil, fertility and irrigation, suitable temperatures, and adequate labor. The southern region should try to avoid choosing areas where raining and pollination occur during the rainy season. The other varieties of bitter gourd shall not be planted within 100m around the planting site.
2 field cultivation management
2.1 species of hybrid plants in bitter gourd in Fujian can choose spring planting or autumn planting. Spring planting sowing period is 2 to 3 months, using the nursery bags nutrition. The sowing period for autumn sowing is July, which can be seeded with live or nutrition bags. The father should sow 7-10 days earlier than the female parent.
Bitter gourd seed coat thicker, should be soaked seed germination. Seeds were soaked in fresh water for 12 h and placed in a 30-degree incubator to germinate. Rinse the seeds once a day with fresh water to prevent mold growth. Seeds can be sown when exposed to 3-4d seeds.
2.2 Site preparation The land plot for planting bitter gourd should be selected as a plot of paddy field and no bitter gourd planted in the past three years. Before planting, 667 square meters of applied manure organic fertilizer 1500kg as base fertilizer and superphosphate 50kg as base fertilizer. In the south, the deep trenches are required to be squatted. The width is 1.8-2.0m (including the ditch) and the height is 50cm.
2.3 planting spring plant bitter gourd in the seedlings with 2-3 true leaves when the autumn planting in a leaf when planting. Plant spacing is 50cm and about 1200 plants are planted per 667 square meters. Spring plants are cultivated with mulching film to increase ground temperature and reduce weeds growth. The parental ratio is 1:10.
2.4 Dressing and scaffolding After the establishment of the seedlings, the manure and urine fertilizers shall be top-dressed in time. After the flowering of the bitter gourd and the results are generally used, an improved type or stand is used. When the main vine grows at 50cm, it is framed and the vines are immediately introduced to make the vine leaves evenly distributed. The side vines below 1m are removed. More than 1m of the main vine spread its side of the three, the remaining side of the vine will be reduced; timely removal of the old leaves and excessive buds and male flower mine. Top dressing is applied about 2-3 weeks and applied for 8-10 times. During the entire growth period, a total of 667 m2 of manure urine was applied to a total of 4,000 m2 of pure nitrogen and 25 kg of phosphorus and potassium.
2.5 Diseases and Insect Pests Control The diseases of the southern bitter gourd-producing areas mainly include powdery mildew, anthrax, and wilt disease. They can be controlled by Triadimefon, Carbendazim and Watermelon. The main pests are locusts and fruit flies, especially the fruit fly. Insects can be used to kill insects imidacloprid, fruit fly can be used in turn, Leprosulfuron, dehydromethrin, Citaibao and other pesticides sprayed once every 7d, spray a total of 3-4 times, can also use paper bag fruit pest control.
3. Hybrid seed production technology
3.1 Parents' Experience Prior to the beginning of the cross-breeding work, parents, especially the male parent, must be inspected and the plants that do not match the characteristics of the parental variety must be checked and must not be missed to ensure the purity of the hybrid seed.
3.2 Selecting Flower Bags The afternoon of the afternoon of pollination, the male flower buds that will be opened by the father Honda Nakamasa and the female paper mines that will be opened by the mother Honda Nakamura will be bagged with small paper bags made from old newspapers. Place in a wet towel in the room and moisten it in a warm place. Insert it in a box filled with wet sand to prepare for pollination the next day.
3.3 Artificial pollination In the afternoon of flowering day, remove the male male flower placed in the room the day before or remove the male paper bag from the field set to take the male flower, remove the mother female paper bag, and roll or remove the male petal to gently lighten the anther and stigma. In contact, generally, each male flower can be given 3 female flowers, and after pollination, the unpollinated female flowers or small melons are cleared. Detach the paper bag 4-5d after pollination to avoid deformation of the small melon. On the main vine, the first female flower is generally removed because it is low in the melon section and has poor growth and development. Pollination starts from the second female flower, and each female parent cross pollinates 8-10 female flowers, leaving about 8 melons.
Seed purchase
About 20 days after flowering, the bitter gourd matures. When the color of the melon rind is changed from natural to yellow-red, it can be harvested, harvested, grounded, and harvested to prevent the seeds from falling apart. Place the melons in a well-ventilated area and pave them for 2 days. Unmarked melons are firmly rejected. After the ripened melons are cut open, the seeds are taken out, filled into a gauze bag and rinsed in water to separate the seeds from the melon pods. Seeds should be placed on a bamboo mat to dry in a ventilated place. Avoid exposure to the sun under the sun in cement and metal utensils so as not to affect the germination rate.
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