In order to achieve high and stable yields of potatoes, it's essential to focus on several key cultivation practices. First, the sowing period is crucial. It is generally recommended to plant potatoes between mid-October and late November. Using varieties that are heat-tolerant and have early growth characteristics can help ensure better results.
Second, choosing the right variety is important. In Huizhou, select potato types that are suitable for local consumption habits and environmental conditions. Varieties like Feiwu Rui 1, Yuezhi 85-38, and Jinnong 958 are known for their high yield, drought resistance, and disease resistance. Before planting, prepare the soil by plowing and harrowing to ensure a loose layer of at least 25 cm. Create ridges with a width of 90 cm, double rows, 25 cm apart, and a height of 25 cm for optimal growth.
Third, applying base fertilizer is vital. The base fertilizer should make up more than two-thirds of the total fertilization during the growing season. Use organic materials combined with chemical fertilizers, ensuring a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A typical base fertilizer mix includes 750–1,000 kg of farmyard manure or compost, 300–500 kg of decomposed animal waste, plus 30–40 kg of compound fertilizer, 25–30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium chloride or sulfate.
Fourth, seed treatment is necessary to prevent diseases and promote healthy growth. Sterilize seed potatoes using a 200-fold dilution of 40% formalin or a 400-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil solution. Cover and let sit for 2 hours before drying in a cool, dry place. For cutting, use sterilized tools and cut each seed piece to include at least one bud. Keep each piece between 30–50 grams, with 1–2 buds per piece. Larger pieces should be cut accordingly to maximize sprouting potential.
Fifth, follow proper sowing specifications. Plant in double rows spaced 85–90 cm apart, with an inner row spacing of 25–30 cm and a seed spacing of about 25 cm. For early maturing varieties, plant densely, while moderately late ones should be spaced appropriately. Plant seeds 5–6 cm deep, keeping them separate from fertilizers. Place the buds facing upward, and cover with a thin layer of soil and straw after planting.
Sixth, field management is critical throughout the growing cycle. After seedlings emerge, keep 1–2 strong plants per hill and remove weak ones. Cultivate the soil twice during the growing season—once when seedlings reach 10–15 cm, loosening the top 5–6 cm of soil, and again before the vines start to run, widening the furrows and mounding the soil around the stems.
Apply topdressing when seedlings are 70% developed to promote growth. Fertilize every 7–10 days, using 10–12 kg of compound fertilizer and 2–3 kg of urea per mu initially, then gradually reducing urea while increasing potassium. During the seedling, tuber, and foliage expansion stages, spray foliar fertilizers like Yunda 120 (500 times) or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Also, use 1 gram of "920" in 75 kg of water to extend the ripening period.
During the tuber formation stage, avoid excessive vine growth. Ensure adequate water and nutrients, as root absorption alone may not meet the plant’s needs. Spray a mixture of 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 0.8% potassium nitrate, on the leaves. Maintain soil moisture at around 80%. Additionally, apply magnesium fertilizer when the plants reach 45 cm in height—100 grams of magnesium sulfate dissolved in 75 kg of water for each acre. Proper management during this phase ensures larger, healthier tubers.
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