Abstract : This article elaborates on the problems existing in the production of Small Tail Han sheep in the aspects of introduction, breeding, management, and epidemic prevention and control, and explains some technical problems that should be paid attention to in raising small Tail Han sheep. The development of modern livestock husbandry requires good varieties with strong breeding ability, fast growth and high feed conversion rate, while the excellent livestock breeds with short feeding periods and high production levels must be “bred, good, good†and scientifically controlled Based on the high input, raising the production level of livestock by raising soil and breeding animals will not produce good results. Our district has introduced Small Tail Han Sheep since the early 1990s, and has grown to more than 15,000 only so far. Over the years, on the basis of summing up experiences and lessons, we have gradually developed a set of problems that are common in the production of Small Tail Han sheep. More feasible feeding management techniques. 1 Introduction and introduction is the first stage in the development of the production of small-tail sheep. The quality of sheep breeding is the key to raising small-tail sheep. How to attract good sheep and ensure successful introduction requires the following technical work: : 1.1 Be familiar with the breed characteristics, living habits, and production performance of Small Tail Han sheep. Grasp the identification method of the Little Tail Han sheep to ensure that it will not be deceived when introduced. 1.2 Find out the introduction channel. When introducing, we must find the appropriate channel for seeding or planting. We must have a “Production License for Breeding of Livestock and Poultry†issued by the animal husbandry department at or above the provincial level. Units introduce sheep so as to ensure the quality of sheep. 1.3 Be familiar with the ecological conditions of the place of introduction. Small-tailed Han sheep are distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain area and are suitable for warm and semi-humid climatic conditions. When introducing, one must consider whether the ecological environment in the place of introduction has the production conditions of the Small Tail Han sheep; the second is to consider whether the excellent features of the Small Tail Han Sheep can be maintained and continued under the local ecological environment. 1.4 Must have a certain feeding and management conditions. Most of the producing areas are in the plain farmland below 100m above sea level. The feed resources are abundant and the feeding conditions are superior. The rearing mode is mainly used for house feeding and semi-family feeding. In order to ensure the successful introduction, do not drastically change their feeding methods and living habits in the production area during the initial period of introduction. They should be given good feeding conditions and either house feeding or half feeding. 2 Reorganize the flock and manage the herds in a timely manner by group feeding and management. According to the sheep's age, sex, strength, fatness, production performance, and different physiological periods, group them rationally. After the grouping, according to different situations, the breeding and management standards were separately formulated for feeding and management, so as to meet the needs of the sheep for feed and nutrition in different groups and different physiological periods. 3 Keep a good breed of rams and ewes so that one month before the timely mating and breeding, the rams should be put into breeding and management during the breeding period, and the breeding rams and breeding ewes must maintain a good level of nutrition at the time of breeding. To ensure the conception rate, to achieve better multiple births, more production, and higher propaganda, and then increase the economic benefits of raising sheep. For the breeding of male and female ewes to be timely mating, because of the different natural conditions and feeding and management conditions, small-tailed Han sheep breeding sooner or later. General species of ram 10 to 12 months of age or body weight of 70 ~ 80kg, species of ewes 9 to 10 months of age or weight of about 50kg, you can carry out the initial allocation, the initial allocation should not be too early, if premature, ewe production More lambs, more lambs, more dystocia, poorer lambing performance, and hindered herd development. 4 Epidemic prevention and insect repellent and epidemic prevention are generally conducted once in spring and autumn, from March to April in spring, and from October to November in autumn. Vaccines such as sheep triple (or quadruple) vaccine, anthrax vaccine, and pasteurella vaccine are injected. It should be noted that after one vaccine is injected, another vaccine can be injected every 15 days, and both vaccines cannot be used at the same time. The disease that has never occurred in the local area can not be used to inject the disease (bacteria) seedlings. The use of the disease (bacteria) seedlings should be conducted under the guidance of veterinarians. Regular extermination of parasites in vivo and in vitro is conducted once a year or quarterly, under the guidance of veterinarians. Whether it is epidemic prevention or deworming, the ewes in the later stages of pregnancy (above 3 months of pregnancy) must be used with caution to avoid causing miscarriage. 5 Increase or decrease of forage material In the course of feeding and management, avoid drastic increase and sudden changes in the amount of forage material supplied to sheep. In the case of ruminants of the Lesser Tail Han sheep, under normal circumstances, various microorganisms in the rumen and reticulum are in a microecological equilibrium. When the forage material soars or suddenly changes, the microecological balance is destroyed and the microbial flora changes. The rapid growth of harmful microorganisms can easily lead to death from diseases such as sheep enterotoxemia, sheep epidemic disease, and streptococcal disease. Therefore, the increase and decrease of forage and the change of forage should be gradual. The sheep of 6 or less months of age should not be fed with urea urea as non-protein nitrogen to supplement the protein. In the rumen, urea is first digested by microorganisms, digested and absorbed, and then transformed into a bacterial protein before it can be digested and absorbed by the sheep. And use. Because the pregastric development of the lamb within 6 months of age is not perfect, the microflora has not yet formed, and the microecological environment is not yet perfect. Urea poisoning is easily caused by the addition of urea in the fodder. In addition, urea should not be associated with legumes, legumes, pods and other legumes. Plant-based forage (feed) mixed with small-tailed Han sheep (including other ruminants), because the legumes and legumes contain urease, easy to accelerate the decomposition of urea, direct access to the circulatory system, causing herds poisoning. Ewes in the last trimester of pregnancy should not be fed urea-enriched silage because they are detrimental to fetal development. 7 Pay attention to the feeding of the sheep and the health of the pens. Pay attention to the health of forage and drinking water. Make the trough and sink clean and sanitary. The grass is non-toxic, mildew-free, no impurities, and no additives are prohibited. Feeding water should be regular, drinking water should be Fresh and clean. Shelters should be air and light, cold and heatstroke-proof, dry and hygienic, be diligent in attendance, and regularly disinfected, flies, and (parasitic) insects, and epidemic prevention and disease (bacteria) seedlings should not be spilled or littered, reducing The spread of the disease. 8 Feeding small tail Han sheep should strengthen exercise, often feeding the small Tail Han sheep in the sun easily produce vitamin D deficiency, thereby affecting calcium metabolism. Timing grazing is not aimed at feeding, but increasing exercise and sunbathing to promote the formation of vitamin D in the body and promote calcium metabolism. Especially in the late gestation ewes, it is necessary to increase exercise to prevent stillbirths, weak births, ewes' dystocia and pre- and postpartum spasms. Exercise can also improve the semen quality of male rams and improve the fertility rate of breeding stocks. 9 Other technical problems 9.1 Production of ewes breast health care: The ewes should be cleaned and sterilized with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution before delivery (before the lambs eat milk); avoid negative pressure caused by excessive sucking of lambs; During the transition between the 3rd day and the lambs' weaning period, feed nutrient levels and feed supply should be reduced, succulent feed, silage, and green fodder should be reduced, and properly digestible high-quality hay and wheat bran should be fed; when colostrum is squeezed, inappropriately applied force should be prevented. Pulling. Using the above measures can reduce the incidence of mastitis. 9.2 The density of ewes entering the delivery room must not be too great. Otherwise, the ewes step on and step on the lambs, causing the bones of the lambs to fracture. It is generally advisable to arrange a production ewes with 2m2. 9.3 Small-tailed Han sheep are not sensitive to disease reactions and should be carefully observed, early detection and early treatment. Large groups of small Tail Han sheep feeding, should be observed in the daily feeding of mental status, feeding conditions, breathing patterns and frequency and tail excretion of the situation, timely diagnosis and treatment. The diseased sheep should be treated with seven points for three-point care, only treatment, regardless of care, treatment is invalid, the sheep only have a high mortality rate. Diseased sheep should be given less, high quality, digestible fodder to ensure timely feeding of drinking water. 9.4 Prevent sheep from tearing the peritoneum. Small Tail Han sheep have a strong ability to leap and a large peritoneum is thin, often causing a peritoneal rupture due to a jump. Therefore, the height of the loop should not be less than 1.2m. Otherwise, the incidence of peritoneal laceration is high. 9.5 Small-tailed Han sheep should not be given oral antibiotics and other antibiotics (such as sulfonamides). Because these drugs can kill harmful bacteria after oral administration, they can also kill the rumen beneficial bacteria, destroy the microflora, cause digestive disorders, but cause disease. Therefore, medications should be considered for other treatments. 9.6 Lamb ewes should be replaced or supplemented with artificial milk in time for lambs that are short of milk. Otherwise, lambs will eat large amounts of forage due to hunger, causing gastrointestinal obstruction and death. (Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center in Xinjiang Kashgar Region, Kashgar 844000)
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