Biogas is a combustible gas generated through the anaerobic fermentation of organic materials by microorganisms. Its primary components are methane and carbon dioxide, with trace amounts of gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Due to its flammable, explosive, and asphyxiating nature, it's crucial to implement strict safety measures in daily operations.
**Daily Operation Management Techniques**
1. When starting a new biogas digester, it's recommended to use fresh cow and horse dung. For an 8m³ digester, about 2m³ of manure should be used. Before adding it to the tank, the manure should be left outside for 5-7 days to allow beneficial bacteria to multiply, which helps speed up the digestion process.
2. Start the system with warm water, ideally between 30°C and 50°C. Using cold water can slow down the process and extend the initial phase.
3. After feeding, ensure all covers and access points are properly sealed, especially the top vent, to prevent air leaks that could disrupt the anaerobic environment.
4. In the early stages of operation, the gas produced is considered waste and not suitable for burning. This exhaust gas should be released for at least 7 days, with each session lasting more than 30 minutes.
5. Before using any biogas appliances like lamps or stoves, read the user manual carefully and follow standard operating procedures. Regular cleaning of these devices is essential to maintain efficiency and safety.
6. Feed and discharge materials regularly. For an 8m³ digester, about 20kg of fresh animal waste should be added daily. Avoid overfeeding or underfeeding, as this can affect gas production.
7. Perform regular mixing of the digester contents using a slurry pump or wooden rod for more than ten minutes. This promotes better fermentation and increases gas yield.
8. Monitor the pressure gauge frequently. If the pressure reaches 9 or higher, release the gas or deflate the system to avoid damaging the equipment.
9. Check all connections, pipelines, and appliances regularly for leaks, damage, or wear. Any issues found should be addressed immediately to prevent accidents.
10. To prepare for winter, add extra organic material before the cold season begins and cover the digester with insulating film to maintain efficient gas production during colder months.
**Safety Precautions**
1. Never test for fire near the exhaust pipe during gas discharge, as this could cause an explosion.
2. When cleaning the digester, always work under the supervision of a qualified biogas technician. Do not enter the tank alone. After emptying, ventilate the area for 1-2 days and conduct an animal test to ensure safe oxygen levels before entering. No smoking or open flames should be allowed inside.
3. Avoid introducing pesticides or harmful substances into the digester, as they can kill the microorganisms responsible for gas production.
4. Protect outdoor pipelines from direct sunlight and weather exposure to prevent aging and leakage.
5. Keep biogas appliances away from flammable materials to reduce the risk of fire.
6. In case of a gas leak, shut off the gas source immediately, open windows, and avoid using any open flames, smoking, or electrical switches.
7. Maintain a 5-meter safety zone around the biogas tank to prevent accidental fires or explosions.
8. Smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited during gas discharge operations.
9. Dispose of burned waste materials containing toxic substances properly by burying them, and never allow them to come into contact with food.
10. During construction, feeding, and discharging, always prioritize safety. Use protective measures to prevent people and animals from falling into the digester.
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