Biogas is a flammable gas generated through the anaerobic fermentation of organic materials by microorganisms. Its primary components are methane and carbon dioxide, with trace amounts of gases like carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Due to its flammable, explosive, and asphyxiating properties, it's essential to implement strict safety measures during daily operations.
**Daily Operation Management Techniques**
1. When starting a new biogas digester, it’s recommended to use pure cow and horse dung. For an 8m³ digester, about 2m³ of manure should be used. Before adding it to the pond, let it sit outside for 5–7 days to enrich the bacterial population and speed up the process.
2. Begin the operation with warm water at a temperature between 30°C and 50°C. Avoid using cold water, as it can slow down the digestion process and delay gas production.
3. After feeding, ensure that all covers and access points are properly sealed. Pay special attention to sealing the top vent to prevent air leakage, which could disrupt the anaerobic environment.
4. In the early stages of operation, the produced gas is considered waste gas and cannot be burned. This exhaust should be released for at least 7 days, with each session lasting more than 30 minutes.
5. Before using any biogas appliances such as lamps or stoves, carefully read the user manual and follow standard operating procedures. Regularly clean the lamp and stove to maintain efficiency and safety.
6. Maintain a consistent feeding and discharge schedule. For an 8m³ digester, add approximately 20kg of fresh livestock waste daily. Avoid overfeeding, as this can lead to poor gas production.
7. Perform daily mixing using a slurry pump or a wooden rod for more than ten minutes. This helps promote fermentation and increases gas yield.
8. Monitor the pressure gauge regularly. If the pressure reaches 9 or higher, release some gas or deflate the system promptly to avoid damaging the digester or the pressure gauge.
9. Inspect all connections, pipelines, and appliances for leaks, wear, or blockages. Address any issues immediately to prevent accidents.
10. To prepare for winter, add extra organic material before the cold season begins. Cover the digester with an insulating film to maintain optimal temperatures and ensure continuous gas production.
**Safety Precautions**
1. Never test for fire in the exhaust duct during gas discharge, as this can cause dangerous explosions.
2. When cleaning the digester, always do so under the supervision of a trained biogas technician. Never enter the tank alone. After emptying, ventilate the area for 1–2 days and conduct animal tests to ensure safe oxygen levels before entering. Smoking and open flames must be strictly prohibited inside the tank.
3. Avoid introducing pesticides or harmful substances into the digester, as they can kill the beneficial microorganisms and reduce gas output.
4. Protect outdoor pipelines from direct sunlight to prevent degradation and potential leaks. Use appropriate covering or insulation.
5. Keep biogas appliances away from flammable materials to prevent fires.
6. In case of a gas leak, immediately shut off the gas source, open windows, and avoid using any open flames, smoking, or electrical switches.
7. No fire or ignition sources should be within 5 meters of the biogas tank to prevent accidents.
8. Smoking and lighting fires are strictly forbidden during daily gas discharge operations.
9. Dispose of any burned materials containing toxic substances properly by burying them. Do not allow these materials to come into contact with food or water sources.
10. When constructing or maintaining the digester, always prioritize safety. Take necessary precautions to prevent accidental falls of people or animals into the tank.
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