Eight kinds of water quality affect fish growth

In aquaculture, maintaining proper water quality is essential for the healthy growth and survival of fish. Several factors can negatively impact the environment, making it unsuitable for fish. Here are some key issues to watch out for: First, high water temperature can be harmful. Fish have specific temperature ranges for optimal growth. For example, species like grass carp, silver carp, and tilapia thrive in temperatures between 23°C and 28°C, while tilapia grows fastest in 25°C to 35°C. During hot summer months, if the temperature exceeds these ranges, cooling measures such as shading or water circulation should be implemented. Second, poor water quality is a major concern. If the water appears reddish or brownish, has floating foam, an oil film, or emits a foul smell, it's a sign of contamination. In such cases, it’s crucial to replace the bad water with fresh, clean water to prevent harm to the fish. Third, low water clarity can indicate over-fertilization or excessive algae growth. The ideal transparency for fish ponds is usually above 30–40 cm. If the visibility drops below 20 cm, it suggests a lack of plankton, which is vital for fish nutrition and overall pond health. Fourth, insufficient dissolved oxygen levels can lead to stress or even death in fish. The ideal level is between 5–8 mg/L. When it drops below 2 mg/L, aeration systems should be used to increase oxygen availability. Fifth, high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be toxic to fish. While CO₂ is necessary for algae and plant growth, concentrations above 80 mg/L can cause serious problems, including respiratory distress in fish. Sixth, an imbalanced pH level is also dangerous. The suitable pH range for fish is 6.5–8.5. If the pH falls below 5.5 or rises above 10, the water becomes unsuitable for fish farming. Seventh, excessive nutrients, especially nitrates, can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Nitrates are important for phytoplankton, but their concentration should stay around 1–2 mg/L. If it exceeds 3 mg/L, it may result in low oxygen levels, leading to fish kills. Lastly, the presence of harmful substances such as cyanide, phenol, heavy metals (like mercury, chromium, and lead), and petroleum products can be extremely toxic to fish. These contaminants should never enter the fish pond, as they can cause long-term damage or even complete loss of the fish population. By regularly monitoring and managing these water parameters, fish farmers can create a healthier environment that supports better growth, higher survival rates, and more productive aquaculture systems.

Wet Strength Agent

With the constant improvement of economic level, people` requirements on the quality of paper are increasing high. A great number of paper products must have excellent resistance to fracture under moist state, in other words, must have a certain degree of wet strength. While the traditional papermaking wet strength agents are urea resin and melamino-formaldehyde, both belonging to formaldehyde resin with intense pungent smell and certain toxicity, and can be used in acid condition to acquire the wet strength. However the whiteness will descend a lot and the paper will be weak after the finished paper acquiring the wet strength. Polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin (PAE) is water soluble, cationoid and thermosetting resin. This product is a non-formaldehyde polymer, non-toxic and tasteless, with a wide range of PH value and suitable for acid, neutral or slightly alkaline papermaking conditions, as well as the acid condition. Wet strength effect is better than the urea-formaldehyde resins and melamine formaldehyde resin. PAE resin, which is an excellent wet strength agent, develops fast in recent years with China`s paper industry development.

The high performance papermaking wet strength agent (PAE) that we produced has been widely used in a great amount of domestic factories and the finished paper products` wet strength index has surpass the similar products in domestic and foreign counties.

1. Performance Indicators

2. Application

PAE active ingredient is polyamide epichlorohydrin thermosetting resins that can be used as below:

1. Paper products with the need for drying or wiping water, such as: napkins, wet tissue paper, facial tissue, paper napkins, kitchen towels, wiping window paper, industrial wipes, lens wiping paper, cosmetic paper etc.;

2. Outdoor paper: such as kraft paper, packing paper, outdoor poster paper, construction paper, sack paper, map paper, germinating paper, fruit bag paper;

3. Wet wrapping materials: such as paper cups paper, meat paper, wrapping paper and boxes for fruits and vegetables, frozen and refined food packaging paper, pressure sensitive copy paper, filter paper, leaching processing paper and tea bag paper;

4. Paper soaked in water: as photographic raw paper. Instead of disposable textile products, such as hospital bed sheets, toilet paper and other disposable hospital garb.

Other issues such as cigarette paper, paper used for invoices.

PAE, as wet strength agent excellent efficiency (PAE), has been widely accepted by the papermaking industry

5. Storage Condition

Storage: Avoid direct sunlight, prohibiting contact with concentrated acids. Storage temperature is 0 ~ 35 ℃and the product can be stored for up to 3 months under 5 ~ 35 ℃.

4.Package and Transportation Safety

Package: 200 kg polyethylene barrels or 1000 kg IBC barrels.

Transportation: The product is non-flammable, non-explosive and low corrosive and non-dangerous. It can use plastic buckets as containers on railways, highways, aviation, marine to achieve the purpose of the safe transport, and if the leaking occurs during transportation, you can simply rinse on the spot.

Wet Strength Agent,Polyamide Epichlorohydrin Resin,WSR,Wetting Strength Agent

Shandong Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.tianchengchemical.com