Carps are a type of brackish water fish, widely distributed along the Chinese coastline and known for their abundant resources. Mackerel, on the other hand, grows quickly, adapts well to various environments, is highly resistant to diseases, and has a delicious, tender flesh. These characteristics make them ideal candidates for aquaculture.
First, pond construction is essential. The pond should be between 5 to 8 acres in size, with a rectangular shape oriented north-south for optimal sunlight exposure. The bottom must be flat and sandy, while the pond banks should be firm and stable, with a depth of at least 2 meters. A drainage pipe should be installed at the bottom, and an aerator system should be set up to ensure proper oxygenation. Before stocking, the pond needs to be dredged and disinfected. It’s also important to fertilize the pond to promote the growth of natural food sources, such as algae, which will turn the water green or brown.
Second, breeding begins with seedlings that are 1.5 to 2 cm in length, collected from the sea. These are then acclimated by diluting the salinity to 4–7 before being transferred to holding ponds with a salinity of 1:1. The stocking density in these holding ponds should be around 10,000 to 20,000 per acre. Oxygen levels should be maintained regularly through water circulation. The next day, they are fed fresh live bait like zooplankton and red worms. Over time, this diet is gradually supplemented with fish slurry, floating pellets, and other commercial feeds until the fish become accustomed to the artificial feed. Daily feeding amounts should be about 15% of the fish's body weight, divided into three meals. Three days before starting regular feeding, a mixture of 0.5 grams of furazolidone, 3 grams of soil mold, and 3 grams of vitamin C is added per 50 kilograms of fish, and feeding is done once daily for three days. After more than 20 days, the fry grow to 4–6 cm and are moved to larger ponds.
Third, feeding and management involve sorting the fish by size and stocking them at a density of 2,500 to 3,500 per mu (approximately 1/6 of an acre). The water depth should be kept above 1.5 meters, with a clarity of around 30 cm and a color that is oil-green. Fish are fed twice a day, primarily with fish meal and floating pellets. Vitamins B and C should be added to the feed, and the total daily feeding amount should be about 60% of the fish’s body weight. Every month, a combination of terramycin, erythromycin, and vitamins is mixed into the feed and administered for three consecutive days, twice a month. Daily inspections of the pond are necessary, and oxygenation should be increased at night or during hot weather when the air pressure is low. Water should be changed regularly to maintain good water quality.
Fourth, disease prevention is crucial in high-density aquaculture systems. Regular disinfection of the pond and feeding equipment is required, and any signs of illness must be addressed immediately. Common diseases to watch out for include enteritis, gill disease, hemorrhagic septicemia, water mold infections, and parasitic infestations. Proactive measures and early treatment are key to maintaining healthy fish populations.
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