Carps are a type of brackish water fish, commonly found along the coastal areas of China, where they thrive in large numbers. Mackerel, on the other hand, is known for its rapid growth, adaptability, strong disease resistance, and high-quality flesh, making it an ideal candidate for aquaculture.
First, pond construction is essential for successful carp farming. The pond should be rectangular, ideally oriented north-south to maximize sunlight exposure. The bottom needs to be flat and sandy, with sturdy shores and a depth of at least 2 meters. Drainage pipes should be installed at the base, and an aerator system must be set up to ensure proper oxygenation. Before stocking, the pond should be cleaned, dredged, and disinfected. A base fertilizer is added to promote the growth of natural bait, resulting in green or brown water, which supports the early stages of fish development.
Second, breeding begins with the collection of fingerlings (1.5 to 2 cm in length) from the sea. These are then acclimated by gradually adjusting the salinity from 4 to 7 to 1 to 2. They are transferred to holding ponds with lower salinity. Stocking density is maintained at 10,000 to 20,000 per acre, and the water is regularly oxygenated. The following day, live food such as zooplankton and red worms are introduced. Over time, this is gradually replaced with fish meal, floating pellets, and live feed, helping the fish adapt to artificial feeding. Fish are fed three times daily, with a total daily intake of 15% of their body weight. Three days before starting regular feeding, a mixture of 0.5 grams of furazolidone, 3 grams of soil mold, and 3 grams of vitamin C is added per 50 kilograms of fish. This is done once a day for three days. After more than 20 days, the fish grow to 4-6 cm and are moved to larger ponds.
Third, feeding and management involve sorting the fish by size and stocking them at a density of 2,500 to 3,500 per mu. Water depth should be maintained at over 1.5 meters, with good clarity (around 30 cm) and a greenish color. Fish are fed twice daily, primarily with fish meal and floating pellets, supplemented with vitamins B and C. The daily feed amount should be about 60% of the fish’s body weight. Every month, medicated feed containing terramycin, erythromycin, and vitamins is used for three consecutive days. Daily inspections of the pond are necessary, and oxygenation is increased during the night or when the weather is hot and atmospheric pressure is low. Water should be changed regularly to maintain cleanliness and water quality.
Fourth, disease prevention is crucial in high-density culture systems. Regular disinfection of the pond and feeding equipment is essential. Early detection and prompt treatment of diseases are key to maintaining healthy fish populations. Common diseases to watch out for include enteritis, gill disease, hemorrhagic septicemia, fungal infections, and parasitic infestations. Proactive measures and strict hygiene practices are vital to ensuring a successful and sustainable aquaculture operation.
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