The practice of integrating sea cucumbers into shrimp ponds represents an innovative and sustainable aquaculture model. It is a key strategy for the efficient use and development of shrimp farming areas, and it holds significant potential for wider adoption. This polyculture system not only enhances productivity but also improves economic returns, making it an attractive option for farmers.
In terms of economic benefits, mixed shrimp farming can yield impressive results. Typically, around 5,000 seedlings of 1.5 cm or larger are stocked per acre. With careful management over two years, the survival rate often exceeds 20%, leading to a harvest of 120–150 kg per mu. At current market prices, this translates to approximately 8,000 yuan per mu, making it a highly profitable venture.
To begin with, selecting the right pond is essential. The ideal location should have firm sediment and no freshwater inflow, ensuring that the salinity remains consistently above 26% throughout the year. This stability is crucial for the health and growth of sea cucumbers.
Before introducing the sea cucumbers, the shrimp pond must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Bleach or quicklime can be used for disinfection—50 mg/kg of bleach or 100 kg of quicklime per mu. This step helps eliminate harmful pathogens and ensures a clean environment for the new stock.
A critical part of the process involves placing a substrate in the pond. This serves two main purposes: first, it supports the growth of benthic diatoms, which are a primary food source for sea cucumbers; second, it provides shelter, helping them survive extreme temperatures during summer and winter. Common substrates include stones, hollow bricks, ceramic tubes, and tiles. The amount of substrate should be sufficient to accommodate the number of seedlings, typically at least 5–10 cubic meters per mu.
About 10 days before stocking, it’s important to apply a base fertilizer to promote the growth of algae and phytoplankton. This creates a natural food source for the sea cucumbers. For example, 20–40 kg of dry chicken manure per acre can be applied, along with 2 kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu in spring. These nutrients help maintain a balanced ecosystem and support healthy growth.
Sea cucumber seedlings are usually introduced in spring or autumn. Spring stocking typically occurs between mid-March and early April, while fall stocking takes place around October. Timing is important to ensure optimal conditions for growth.
Water management is another vital aspect. The water depth in the pond should always be maintained at more than 1.5 meters, increasing to about 2 meters during hot summer months and cold winters. Water changes should occur every 10 days, with about 30% of the water replaced each time. Salinity must remain above 26%. During the rainy season, especially after storms, any fresh water on the surface should be removed to prevent dilution. After winter, when ice forms, snow and debris should be cleared from the surface to maintain water clarity. Ice can also be broken up to increase oxygen levels in the pond, supporting the health of the sea cucumbers.
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