In recent years, the Fourth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Bingtuan has utilized an interest-free loan from the Finnish government to purchase a batch of 8950 tractors from Finland's Valmet company, including models 8950 and 8550. While these tractors have been beneficial in agricultural operations, some issues have emerged during their use. To ensure optimal performance and longevity, machine operators should pay close attention to several key aspects when operating, maintaining, and servicing these machines.
**1. Common Failures of Tractors**
- Cracks may appear at the weld seams of the fuel tank and the transmission housing, leading to leaks of diesel or hydraulic oil.
- Early battery failure is often observed.
- The fuel injector nozzles can burst due to excessive pressure or poor fuel quality.
- The hydraulic lift arms may break under heavy load or improper usage.
**2. Causes Analysis**
- Cracking at the fuel tank welds is typically caused by the tractors being suspended from heavy agricultural equipment and frequently driven on uneven terrain. This can create excessive stress on the tractor’s frame.
- Battery damage often occurs when tractors are left unused for long periods without proper maintenance. Overcharging, blocked vent holes, low electrolyte levels, and imbalanced electrolyte concentration can all contribute to this issue.
- Injector nozzle bursts usually result from high-temperature vaporization of diesel fuel. Regular cleaning of the fuel tank, proper use of the oil-water separator, and using clean fuel can help prevent this.
- Hydraulic lift arm failures are often due to overloading the rear-suspended implements or encountering large bumps while working on uneven ground.
**3. Operating Precautions**
- After heavy-duty or high-temperature operation, it is important not to stop the engine immediately. Instead, let the tractor run at a medium throttle for 3–5 minutes to allow the temperature to decrease before turning it off.
- Avoid running the engine at low throttle (below 800 rpm) for extended periods. This can lead to low oil pressure, poor lubrication, and increased wear on the turbocharger.
- Do not start the tractor with a cold engine. Allow it to warm up properly before engaging in work.
- Before starting a tractor that has been parked for a long time, ensure the turbocharger is adequately lubricated, or idle the engine a few times to circulate oil.
- Minimize interference with the air filter. Avoid using excessive air pressure to clean the filter core, as this can damage it.
By following these guidelines, operators can significantly improve the performance and lifespan of the Valmet tractors, ensuring smooth and efficient agricultural operations. Proper maintenance and careful operation are essential to avoid costly repairs and downtime. (Xinjiang Bingtuan 4th Agricultural Division, 77th Production Branch, Song Bing Station)
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