The average gestation period for a sow from weaning to the onset of estrus is around 39 days, but it's typically possible to breed sows 5 to 7 days after weaning. However, about 20% to 30% of sows still experience delayed estrus following weaning. This can significantly impact breeding efficiency and overall productivity on the farm. To help these sows come into heat quickly and effectively, several key management practices should be implemented.
First, proper feeding management plays a crucial role. Sows that are either undernourished or overfed may struggle to return to estrus. After weaning, it's important to adjust their diet—increasing nutrient density while reducing roughage to support rapid recovery and encourage estrus. For sows that are overweight, reducing concentrate levels and increasing fiber intake, along with encouraging more movement, can help them reach an ideal body condition for reproduction.
Second, changing the environment can also stimulate estrus. Moving non-estrus sows to a new pen and introducing them to sows in heat can have a positive effect. The presence of estrus sows, especially through physical contact like crawling, can naturally trigger the hormonal changes needed for estrus and ovulation.
Third, the use of hormones can be an effective tool. One common method is the administration of a triad hormone injection, which includes a combination of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. A dose of 3–4 ml per sow usually results in over 97% of sows showing estrus within 2–4 days. Additionally, administering 40 micrograms of luteinizing hormone (LH) 30 minutes before mating can increase litter size by approximately 37%. Another option is using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which can be injected at 250–1000 units and 500 units respectively. These treatments result in about 80% of sows coming into heat within 10 days, with up to 90% becoming pregnant after mating.
Fourth, acupuncture has shown promise in stimulating estrus in sows that have not returned to heat after weaning. A treatment session lasting 10–15 minutes can lead to 88% of sows showing signs of estrus within two weeks, and 68% successfully becoming pregnant after mating.
Finally, traditional Chinese medicine offers another alternative. A herbal formula consisting of ingredients such as Yang Qishi (50g), Motherwort (70g), Angelica (50g), Ligusticum (40g), Dodder (40g), Epimedium (50g), Polygonatum (50g), and Rehmannia (30g) can be prepared by boiling twice and mixed into 2–5 kg of liquid. This mixture is given in three divided doses daily, helping to support reproductive health and promote estrus.
By combining these methods, farmers can significantly improve the chances of successful breeding and enhance the overall performance of their sow herd.
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