The growth and development of leeches are strongly influenced by light conditions. By carefully managing light exposure during farming, the positive impacts of light on their growth, development, and reproductive performance can be maximized. This not only improves productivity but also lowers costs and increases overall profitability.
Light control involves using artificial or modern electronic methods to mimic natural light cycles, providing leeches with the right amount of light duration and intensity at critical times such as breeding and molting. This helps align their biological rhythms with human production goals, allowing for more efficient and controlled breeding schedules.
Over time, leeches have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with natural photoperiods. In the wild, they reproduce once a year in response to seasonal changes, and they shed their skin twice annually. However, with artificial light control, breeders can manipulate these cycles. For example, leeches can be bred throughout the year, with their reproduction cycle shortened to three times per year. This allows earlier maturation and harvesting, reducing feed and labor costs significantly.
It's important to note that even during summer, shortening daylight hours can trigger winter hair growth. However, timing is crucial. Leeches go through a winter hair growth phase, and if light is extended before this phase is complete, it can interfere with the development of winter hair and delay sexual maturity. Therefore, farmers must identify the optimal time to apply light control.
To shorten the reproductive cycle, many farmers begin light manipulation around December 21st, starting with one hour of daily light. The duration gradually increases—by 15 to 30 minutes every five days—until reaching about 15 hours and 25 minutes by May 1st. This method greatly enhances fertility rates.
For promoting winter hair development, light control often starts on June 21st. A 40-watt fluorescent light is commonly used, with the artificial light cycle adjusted twice as fast as the natural rate. Adjustments are made weekly to accelerate the process. Winter hair typically matures by October 6th.
After breeding, light is extended to 14.5 hours daily. The cover of the light booth is opened to ensure full exposure until the next batch is born. This technique results in healthier, more vigorous offspring with higher survival rates.
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