Scientific name: Rosa chinensis
English name: Chinese Rose
Common names: Changchun, Moon, Red, Thin
Family: Rosaceae
Species: Roses are typically thorny shrubs or climbing plants.
Origin:
The Rosaceae family is native to the northern hemisphere and has spread across Asia and Europe. Today, it is widely cultivated and found in many countries around the world, especially in Western and Northern Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia. In China, the Chinese rose originates from Central and Southwest China and is now grown throughout the country, including regions like North China, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. Through crossbreeding with tea roses, French roses, and others, modern roses have been developed. China is considered one of the original centers of the Chinese rose.
Growth Habits:
Chinese roses thrive in sunny areas with good air circulation and well-drained soil. They prefer a sheltered spot from strong winds, and some shade during the hottest summer months can be beneficial. The ideal temperature range for most species is between 15°C and 26°C. They are cold-tolerant and enter dormancy when temperatures drop below 5°C in winter. Prolonged heat above 30°C can reduce flowering and affect bloom quality. Most varieties can tolerate temperatures as low as 15°C.
They prefer soils rich in organic matter, slightly acidic (pH 6–6.5), and well-draining. While they adapt to various soil types, loamy or light clay soils with good drainage are ideal. Air humidity should be around 75%–80%, but they can handle slight dryness or moisture. Chinese roses have a continuous blooming habit, with the most vibrant flowering occurring in spring and autumn.
Morphological Characteristics:
Chinese roses are shrubs with upright growth, reaching heights between 30 cm and 150 cm. Their branches are delicate, often with small thorns along the stems and petioles. Leaves are alternate, odd-pinnate, with 3–7 leaflets that are oval, elliptical, or lance-shaped, measuring 2.5–6 cm in length. The edges are sharply serrated, and the leaves are glossy, nearly hairless, and sometimes covered with a waxy layer. Stipules and petioles are connected.
Flowers are usually 4–5 cm in diameter, with pedicels 3–6 cm long and mostly smooth. Most flowers are double-petaled, with 5 to 80 petals in various colors such as red, pink, white, yellow, purple, and orange. The sepals are feather-like, with a hairy inner surface and glandular hairs on the edges. The style is free and protrudes from the center, matching the length of the stamens. Flowers are lightly fragrant and bloom from early spring until late October.
The fruit is a fleshy, spherical or pot-shaped rosehip, typically red or yellow, with a split top, measuring 1–2 cm long. Inside are achenes, which are brown and mature from September to November.
Rosa odorata (tea rose) is a natural hybrid of the Chinese rose and the giant rose. It has longer branches, often climbing, with 5–7 glossy leaflets. New shoots and young leaves may appear bronze. Flowers come in pink, yellow, orange, and white, with a strong fragrance and a long blooming season.
Modern roses (Rosa cvs.) are hybrid varieties developed through crossbreeding and long-term cultivation. They are shrubs or climbers with thicker, larger, and glossier leaves. Buds are more oval, and flowers are abundant, with double or semi-double petals, ranging from lightly scented to strongly fragrant. They bloom continuously, with peak seasons from May to June and again in September to October.
Applications:
Chinese roses are commonly planted in flower beds, gardens, lawns, or arranged into dedicated rose gardens. Climbing varieties are used for trellises, walls, hedges, and arches. They also make excellent potted plants and are an important material for cut flowers. Whether in landscapes or indoor settings, the Chinese rose adds beauty and fragrance to any space.
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