In the summer corn fields, common weeds include crabgrass, ironweed, amaranth, purslane, prickly senna, coriander, green foxtail, and volunteer wheat. These weeds can cause corn yield losses ranging from 10% to 30%, with severe cases exceeding 50%. In recent years, the use of chemical herbicides for weed control in corn fields has increased significantly due to the promotion of field deforestation technology. However, challenges such as phytotoxicity and reduced effectiveness have become more apparent. To address these issues, an integrated approach combining tillage, soil conditions, and carefully selected herbicides is essential. Here are the key technical points for effective weed control:
1. Before planting, it's important to apply a pre-emergence herbicide to the soil, ideally 1–3 days after sowing. Herbicides such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, or propisochlor—either alone or in combination—are suitable for this stage. If soil treatment isn't done on time or if the herbicide isn’t effective, post-emergence control can be applied when weeds have 3–5 leaves. At this stage, sulfonylurea herbicides like nicosulfuron or triazine herbicides like atrazine are recommended. A minimum of 30–45 liters of water per acre is needed, and the dosage should be increased in dry or hard-seeding conditions to ensure good coverage and effectiveness.
2. With numerous herbicides available on the market, quality varies widely. It’s crucial to choose products that have all three necessary certifications and come from reliable manufacturers to ensure safety and performance.
3. Use a high-quality sprayer, such as a "Guard" brand model, to avoid issues like leakage, uneven spraying, or poor atomization. Herbicide sprayers should be used exclusively for this purpose to prevent cross-contamination and maintain effectiveness.
4. When applying herbicides, spray in a back-and-forth or straight-line pattern, ensuring even distribution. Avoid overlapping or missing areas, which can reduce efficacy or lead to crop damage.
5. Herbicides should not be applied during rainy, windy, or extremely hot conditions, as this can reduce effectiveness or cause drift-related phytotoxicity. If heavy rain occurs within 8 hours after application, reduce the amount of herbicide used to avoid over-application and potential crop injury.
By following these practices, farmers can improve weed management, reduce crop loss, and promote sustainable agricultural production.
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