Sheep in northern China have a seasonal estrus cycle, unlike the year-round breeding of sheep in the southern regions. Breeding typically begins in August and September, which is the prime time for reproduction. Missing this window can lead to significant losses in productivity. Autumn offers ideal conditions—mild weather, abundant grass, and well-nourished ewes that are more likely to come into heat with strong sexual desire. Rams are also more energetic during this time, leading to higher conception rates. After breeding in September or October, lambs born in February or March will benefit from the fresh spring grass, promoting healthy growth and better milk production for the ewes. By the following autumn, these lambs can be bred, ensuring a profitable return.
To maximize breeding success, it's crucial to manage grazing effectively. Rotational grazing should be used to ensure sheep have access to fresh pasture without overgrazing. Morning grazing followed by a second round later in the day helps improve feed intake. If the grass becomes less appealing, moving the flock to a new area can encourage better eating. Paying attention to weather changes is also important—sheep should be brought in before frost, and if they don't eat enough, supplementary feeding may be necessary. This not only improves their health but also enhances estrus and lambing rates.
Selecting high-quality breeding stock is equally important. Ewes should be chosen based on their lineage, physical condition, and reproductive performance. Rams play a key role, as one ram can service 30–40 ewes, or up to 1,000 through artificial insemination. Choosing a superior ram can significantly improve the quality of the herd in terms of wool, meat, and milk. Ewes should be between 1.5 and 7 years old, with good udders and strong maternal instincts. Health is also vital—avoiding inbreeding and selecting sheep free from genetic or infectious diseases ensures a productive and healthy flock.
Monitoring estrus signs is essential for timely breeding. Ewes showing redness, swelling, and mucus discharge, along with restlessness and willingness to mount, are in heat. Breeding should occur at the right time—too early or too late can reduce fertility. Young ewes have longer estrus periods, so breeding can be slightly delayed, while older ewes require earlier intervention. Mid-aged ewes fall in between, with optimal breeding times on the first day or second night of heat. Using multiple rams of different breeds during mid- to late estrus can increase the chances of multiple births.
Environmental factors such as temperature and lighting also influence breeding success. Mating in the early morning or evening provides the best conditions for fertilization, helping to improve conception rates. Overall, proper management, timing, and selection are key to maximizing sheep breeding efficiency and profitability.
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