(1) The prepared container can be made from sorghum stalks or sunflower stalks, and wooden boxes or sturdy cardboard boxes are also suitable options. The standard dimensions of the box are between 50 to 60 cm in length and 30 to 40 cm in width. It's important to ensure that no nail heads or wire tips are exposed, as they could potentially damage the plastic film during handling.
(2) A commonly used formulation for the growing medium includes:
1) 88% sawdust (or cotton husk), 8% bran or rice bran, 2% corn flour, 1% superphosphate, and 1% gypsum.
2) 40% sawdust, 40% cottonseed husk, 18% bran, 1% superphosphate, and 1% gypsum.
After mixing, the moisture content should be adjusted to 63–65%, and the pH should be maintained between 6 and 6.5 using a 1% lime water solution. This ensures optimal conditions for mycelium growth.
(3) Loading and sterilization: Begin by placing a layer of plastic film at the bottom of the box. Then fill the box with the substrate to a depth of approximately 8 cm, ensuring each box contains about 7–8 kg of material. Wrap the edges of the film around the substrate and sterilize it. The containers are then placed into cloth bags and sterilized at 100°C for 8 hours in an autoclave or steam chamber to eliminate any contaminants.
(4) Inoculation and cultivation: After sterilization, the boxes are inoculated using a punch plate to create small holes. The mushroom spawn is then placed into these holes, followed by a thin layer of additional spawn to cover the surface. The boxes are then re-covered with the plastic film. Once inoculated, the boxes are stacked in a "product" formation and kept at a temperature of 22–24°C. Regular ventilation through open windows is essential, and the boxes should be turned every 7–10 days to ensure even growth. Routine checks for contamination are also necessary.
(5) Management before and after fruiting: When the mycelium has fully colonized the substrate, a waxy layer forms on the surface, along with a thick pellicle that may hinder primordia development. To encourage fruiting, use a bamboo or iron fungus knife to make small, 0.5 cm deep square cuts across the surface. Lightly spray water onto the area, then cover with a thin plastic sheet. Lower the temperature to around 5°C for about 5 days to trigger low-temperature stimulation. Afterward, gradually increase the temperature to 15°C and raise the relative humidity to 90–95%. As small mushrooms begin to appear, water the substrate at least once daily. Provide 500–800 lux of indirect light, maintain good air circulation, and harvest the mushrooms within 7–10 days after the first flush.
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