Black Phoenix chicken, also known as the black silk hair chicken, is a rare and highly valued breed recognized for its superior meat quality and high melanin content. Compared to the white silk mulberry chicken, it offers better flavor and nutritional benefits. According to modern agricultural experts, this breed is considered a "Wuji treasure" due to its multiple uses—medicinal, culinary, egg production, and ornamental value. It represents a rich genetic resource that holds great potential for breeding and development.
After three years of research and practice, the Ruifeng Company's rare animal experimental site under the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successfully stabilized the production performance of Black Phoenix chickens. Adult roosters typically weigh between 1.25 to 2.0 kg, while hens range from 1.0 to 1.5 kg. Breeding chickens reach maturity at six months old. For optimal breeding, a male-to-female ratio of 1:5–8 is recommended, with each hen laying 120–160 eggs annually. Under normal conditions, the survival rate of chicks within the first month reaches over 95%. By three months of age, the average weight of males and females is around 800 grams, and the feed conversion ratio (meat to shell) at 90 days is approximately 3.2:1.
This breed is known for its distinct characteristics, including fast growth, low feed consumption, strong disease resistance, ease of management, high economic value, and strong market demand. A comprehensive set of techniques suitable for small-scale farmers is now briefly introduced below:
(a) **Chicken House Construction**: The chicken house should be located in a well-ventilated and sunny area. Install 70 cm x 120 cm lighted ventilation windows every 3 meters along the length. A 160 cm wide door on the sunny side allows for easy access, and an outdoor sand-covered yard is ideal for free-ranging.
(b) **Hatching**: Artificial incubation is recommended for optimal hatchability.
(c) **Feeding**: For the first 30 days, the focus is on brooding, where heat preservation is crucial. Chicks should be kept at 33°C for the first three days, then gradually reduced by 2°C weekly. Ensure even distribution around the heat source. After drinking water, start feeding full-price chick feed 4–6 times daily. Maintain a density of 40–50 chicks per square meter up to day 10, 40 per square meter at 20 days, and 30 at 30 days. From 30 days onward, commercial chickens can be fed ad libitum, with a diet containing 18–19% crude protein. Green vegetables or grass can be added at later stages, making up about 20% of the total feed. Each group can raise 200–300 birds. For breeding chickens, controlled feeding is essential to avoid overfeeding. Each breeder can manage 100–200 chickens. Light exposure should be limited after 8 weeks, with 8 hours of light per day, gradually increasing to 15 hours before egg-laying peak, reaching up to 16 hours during peak production. Use full-price breeder feed and add water-soluble vitamins to the drinking water.
(d) **Disease Prevention**: Vaccination and health management are critical throughout the entire rearing period. Marek’s disease vaccine is administered to newly hatched chicks. At 35 days old, antibiotics such as Enrofloxacin are used to prevent bacterial infections like Salmonella and E. coli. Administer 100 ml of 10% solution per 100 kg of water or 10 mg/kg body weight. Tylosin and Doxycycline can be used to prevent respiratory diseases like mycoplasma. Regular disinfection using products like 100 poison is recommended. Coccidiosis prevention is important before and after 3 weeks. New Castle disease vaccine is given via nasal drops or drinking water at 7–10 days old. The infectious bursal disease vaccine is administered at 12–14 days, with a booster after two weeks. Breeding chickens should receive inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and bursa of Fabricius based on local vaccination schedules.
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