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Sawdust is often transformed into a soilless growing medium, and it's widely used in many regions due to its affordability. As a substrate for soilless culture, sawdust offers several advantages:
First, the lightweight nature of sawdust makes it similar in bulk density to perlite and vermiculite. This characteristic makes it ideal for long-distance transportation or high-rise plant cultivation, as it’s easy to handle and reduces structural load.
Second, sawdust has excellent water absorption and drainage properties. It can retain moisture while allowing excess water to drain away, which is beneficial for plants with thick roots. In humid southern areas or coastal cities like Jidandong, the moisture retention of sawdust is well-suited for plant growth. However, in drier northern regions, where permeability is high, sawdust may dry out too quickly, potentially harming plant roots. To prevent this, it's advisable to mix sawdust with peat to improve moisture retention.
Despite these benefits, sawdust has a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio—approximately 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen, 0.08% hydrogen, and 2.6% ash. This makes it difficult to decompose naturally, often requiring one to two years for full decomposition. To speed up the process, a microbial starter like Gumbol can be used. However, it's crucial to balance the C/N ratio by adding a nitrogen source, such as urea or poultry manure, to ensure efficient fermentation.
Here's how to prepare sawdust for use as a growing medium:
1. **Preparation**: For every 2 cubic meters of sawdust, mix in one bag of microbial fermenting agent, 2 kg of urea (or 50–100 kg of poultry manure), and 5 kg of rice bran.
2. **Moisture Adjustment**: Check the moisture level of the sawdust before adding water. The ideal moisture content should be around 60–65%, which can be tested by squeezing a handful of sawdust—if no water drips out, it's just right. If too wet or too dry, fermentation will be affected. Mix 2 kg of urea with water to create a urea solution.
3. **Mixing**: To make application easier, mix the microbial agent evenly with 5 kg of rice bran, resulting in about 6 kg of mixture. Spread this over the sawdust pile, then sprinkle the urea solution evenly across the pile. Cover the pile with breathable material to maintain optimal conditions for fermentation.
4. **Turning**: After 7–10 days, the temperature inside the pile should reach around 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once and let it sit for 24–36 hours at high temperature. Repeat the turning when the temperature rises again. After the second turn, leave the pile undisturbed for 5–7 days. Once the temperature stabilizes below 40°C, the fermentation is complete. Under normal conditions, the process takes 25–30 days, but it can extend to 30–45 days if left to mature further.
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