First, proper sowing is essential. Sowing too early can lead to weak seedlings that are more prone to diseases before winter, while sowing too late may prevent the plants from surviving the cold season. The ideal time to sow is generally around mid-September, with a recommended window between September 1st and October 5th. This timing ensures that the seedlings grow strong enough to withstand winter conditions.
Second, timely planting is crucial. Once the seeds have germinated and developed into healthy seedlings, they should be transplanted in mid-November, but no later than November 25th. At this stage, the stem base of the seedling should be about 0.5 cm thick, with 3 to 4 true leaves, and the seedlings should be approximately 40 to 50 days old. They should also have developed 3 to 4 new roots before the soil freezes, which helps them survive the winter more effectively.
Third, field management plays a key role in the success of the crop. Before planting, it's important to ensure that the seedlings are strong and healthy, and to control pests, especially those that live underground. Watering and fertilization should be carefully managed. If the seedlings appear yellow, a 0.3% urea solution can be sprayed on the leaves to help restore their color and vitality. Just before the ground freezes, make sure to water the plants thoroughly to provide them with enough moisture for the winter. After the plants start to regrow in spring, another round of watering should be done, followed by a light application of clear water (Qingshui) to promote growth. During the vigorous leaf growth phase, apply 15 kg of urea per acre. About 50 days before the plants start to regrow, and before the bulbs begin to expand, apply 10 kg of urea and 15–20 kg of potassium sulfate. If you notice any twisting or curling in the plants, consider splitting the pods in the middle to encourage better bulb development.
By following these steps carefully, farmers can significantly improve the health and yield of their crops. Proper timing, attention to plant health, and effective nutrient management are all critical components of successful cultivation. These practices not only support the growth of strong, resilient plants but also help protect them against environmental stress and pests throughout the growing season.
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