Pasture seeds play a vital role in establishing artificial grasslands and improving natural ones, serving as the foundation for expanding forage production. To ensure high yields and quality, it's essential to select seeds that are pure, full, viable, and free from weeds and pests. Additionally, proper management and quality control during seed production are crucial to meet the standards required for forage seed production. Effective management of pasture seed production requires strict adherence to several key practices.
First, selecting the right seed fields is critical. The land should have good irrigation and drainage, ample sunlight, good air circulation, and be on flat or gently sloping terrain with deep, fertile soil. A neutral pH is ideal, and in colder regions, it’s better to choose low-lying, sheltered, and sunny areas. Fencing the area is also important to prevent contamination.
Second, seed fields must be separated to avoid cross-pollination, which can reduce seed quality. Different varieties should not be planted in the same area within three years, and it's best to follow a fallow period or crop rotation before planting new seed fields.
Third, pre-planting preparation is essential. The soil should be well-prepared and allowed to settle if the field is newly opened. For previously cultivated land, after harvesting, deep plowing combined with manure application (about 2000–3000 kg per acre) is recommended. Seeds with husks or awns need to be cleaned, and legumes or grasses with hard seeds may require special treatments before sowing.
Fourth, sowing is typically done in spring, with some planting in summer or autumn. Spacing should be 30–50 cm between rows, and the depth of planting depends on seed size—2–3 cm for small seeds and 4–6 cm for larger ones. In windy areas, the soil covering should be thicker to protect the seeds.
Fifth, field management includes timely watering and fertilizing, especially during the first growing year. For non-alfalfa pastures, weeding should be done before flowering. During flowering, bee stocking or artificial pollination can improve seed set.
Sixth, regular field inspections are necessary to monitor seed quality. Key factors include variety purity, presence of weeds, disease incidence, and plant health. Testing should occur at the seedling, flowering, and mature stages, with particular attention paid to the flowering period when traits are most visible.
Finally, timely harvesting is essential to minimize losses. After harvest, seeds must be cleaned and dried to keep moisture content below 14%. Storage facilities should be well-ventilated, dry, and secure to prevent damage from pests. Seed banks should be managed carefully with proper systems in place to maintain quality and integrity.
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