Sawdust is made of soilless substrate

Sawdust is commonly transformed into a soilless growing medium, making it an affordable and widely used substrate in many regions. It offers several advantages when used for hydroponic or soilless cultivation: Sawdust is lightweight, with a bulk density similar to perlite and vermiculite, making it ideal for long-distance transport or vertical gardening in high-rise buildings. Its lightness makes it easy to handle and suitable for large-scale applications. In terms of water retention, sawdust has good absorption and drainage properties. It works well for plants with thick roots, as it maintains a balanced moisture level. For plants with fine roots, especially in humid areas like southern cities or coastal regions such as Jidandong, the moisture content of sawdust is highly appropriate. However, in drier northern regions, the high permeability of sawdust can lead to rapid drying of roots, potentially causing plant death. To avoid this, it’s recommended to mix sawdust with peat to create a more balanced substrate. Sawdust contains about 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen (N), 0.08% hydrogen (H), and 2.6% ash, resulting in a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. This makes it a slow-decomposing organic material, which can be challenging to break down naturally. Fermentation usually takes one to two years without assistance. Using a microbial starter like Gumbol can significantly speed up the process, but proper management is essential. Adjusting the C/N ratio by adding a nitrogen source—such as urea or poultry manure—is crucial for successful fermentation. Here’s how to prepare the sawdust for fermentation: 1. **Material Preparation**: Start with 2 cubic meters of sawdust, 1 bag of microbial starter, 2 kg of urea (or 50–100 kg of poultry manure), and 5 kg of rice bran. 2. **Moisture Adjustment**: Check the moisture content of the sawdust before adding water. The ideal moisture level should be around 60–65%, which can be roughly tested by squeezing a handful—if no water drips out, it's ready. If too dry or too wet, it may hinder the fermentation process. Mix 2 kg of urea with enough water to create a urea solution. 3. **Mixing**: To make spreading easier, mix the microbial starter evenly with 5 kg of rice bran, creating a total of 6 kg of mixture. Spread this over the sawdust pile. Then, sprinkle the urea solution onto the sawdust and form a pile. Cover it with a breathable material to maintain optimal conditions. 4. **Turning**: After 7–10 days, the temperature inside the pile will rise to about 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once and let it sit for 24–36 hours at that temperature. Repeat the turning process once more after the temperature rises again. Let it rest for another 5–7 days until the temperature stabilizes below 40°C. Under normal conditions, the fermentation process takes 25–30 days, though it can last up to 30–45 days if left to "cook" longer. This method ensures that the sawdust becomes a nutrient-rich, stable medium suitable for various types of plant growth.

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